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abnormal psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bipolar 1

A

manic episode+ depressive episode or hypomanic episode

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2
Q

Bipolar 2

A

major depressive episodes+ hypomanic episodes, NO MANIC EPISODES

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3
Q

intentional suicide

A

= intentional death

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4
Q

sub intentional suicide

A

= death by act that was your own but w/o intention to die (ex: overdose)

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5
Q

triggers for suicide

A

stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol+ drugs, mental disorders, chronic illness, etc.

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6
Q

anorexia nervosa RESTRICTING

A

begins by cutting out a lot of sweets/fattening foods–> completely cutting out food entirely, little variability in diet

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7
Q

anorexia–binge eating/purging

A

intention to lose weight by purging the food you consume or by using laxatives, may engage in eating binges

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8
Q

factitious disorder imposed on self

A

false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, without external rewards
–aka Munchausen syndrome

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9
Q

factitious disorder imposed on another

A

false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, IN ANOTHER PERSON, without external rewards
–aka Munchausen by proxy

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10
Q

substance use and addictive disorders–2+ symptoms in past year

A
  1. substance taken in larger doses/over a longer period of time than intended
  2. unsuccessful efforts to decrease SU
  3. much time spent trying to obtain/use/recover from effects of SU
  4. failure to fulfill roles in daily life d/t SU
  5. continued SU despite social/interpersonal problems
  6. continuing to use sub despite physical risks
  7. cravings
  8. tolerance effects
  9. withdrawal reactions
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11
Q

classifications of depressants

A
  1. alcohol
  2. sedative-hypnotic drugs
  3. opioids
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12
Q

classification: stimulants

A
  1. cocaine
  2. amphetamines
  3. caffeine
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13
Q

classification: hallucinogens

A
  1. LSD
  2. Mescaline
  3. Philocybin
  4. MDMA
  5. cannabis
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14
Q

4 phases of healthy human sex response

A
  1. desire
  2. excitement
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
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15
Q

Disorders of desire

A
  1. Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  2. female sexual interest/arousal disorder
    * *impact urge to have sex, sexual fantasies, attraction to others
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16
Q

biological causes of low sex desire

A
  1. abnormal hormones
    a. prolactin: high
    b. testosterone: low
    c. estrogen: high/low
  2. excessive neurotransmitter activity
    a. serotonin
    b. dopamine
  3. pain meds, psychotropic meds, illegal drugs
  4. long term illness
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17
Q

psychological causes of low sex desire

A

general increase in anxiety, depression, anger

attitudes, fears, memories

psych disorders

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18
Q

sociocultural causes of low sex desire

A 
situational pressures 
unhappy/problematic relationships 
bad at sex lol
cultural standards
sex trauma/molestation
psych disorders
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19
Q

psychosis

A

= loss of contact with reality, most commonly appears as schizophrenia

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20
Q

schizophrenia checklist

A

**1 month, 2+ symptoms

**hallucinations
**delusions
**disorganized speech
abnormal bx activity
negative symptoms

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21
Q

course of schizophrenia

A
  1. prodromal: beginning of deterioration, mild symptoms.
  2. active: symptoms very apparent
  3. residual: return to prodromal
22
Q

personality disorder

A

long term, rigid, wide-ranging pattern of inner experience and bx that leads to dysfunction in 2+ realms: cognition, emotion, social interactions, impulsivity

23
Q

3 categories of PD

A
  1. odd/eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
  2. dramatic, emotional, erratic bx: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
  3. anxious/fearful: avoidant, dependent, OCD
24
Q

paranoid PD

A

=odd/eccentric

  • *deep mistrust and suspicion of others
    1. limited close relationships, cold and distant
    2. excessive trust in self,; critical of weakness in others
25
Q

schizoid PD

A

=odd/eccentric

persistent avoidance of social relationships, little demonstration of emotions

  • focuses on self, unaffected by praise or criticism
  • alone
  • weak social skills
  • lack of intimacy interest

~ASD

26
Q

schizotypal PD

A

=odd/eccentric

range of interpersonal problems, EXTREME discomfort w close relationships+ odd/bizarre ways of thinking, behavioral eccentricities

  • delusions/illusions
  • difficulty keeping focused, tangential thinking/loose associations
27
Q

antisocial PD

A

=dramatic, emotional, erratic

disregard and violate others’ rights

  • must be at least 18
  • lie frequently, reckless, impulsive
  • little regard for other ind, cruel, sadistic, aggressive, violent
  • higher rate of alcoholism, SUD, CD, ADHD
28
Q

borderline PD

A

=dramatic, emotional, erratic

instability, major mood shifts, unstable self-image, impulsivity

unstable interpersonal relationships, bouts of anger–> physical violence/aggression–> harm to self

29
Q

histrionic PD

A

=dramatic, emotional, erratic

=extremely emotional and seek to be the center of attention

  • attention-seeking bx, center stage
  • approval and praise**
  • vain, self-centered
  • suicide attempts w/ manipulative intent
30
Q

narcissistic PD

A

=dramatic, emotional, erratic

=grandiose, need for admiration, no empathy towards others

  • exaggeration of achievements and talents, arrogance
  • selective about friends, often favorable first impressions
  • some make suicide attempts w/ intent to manipulate
31
Q

avoidant PD

A

=anxious/fearful

-consistent discomfort/restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation

  • social avoidant PD= fear of close social relationships
  • social anxiety D= fear of social circumstances
32
Q

dependent PD

A

=anxious/fearful

  • pervasive need to be cared for
  • clingy and obedient, fear separation from loved ones
  • reliance on others so much so that smallest decisions cannot be made
  • difficulty w/ separation= #1 feature
33
Q

OCD

A

=anxious/fearful

  • intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, control and resulting loss of flexibility, openness, efficiency
  • high standards for self and others, fearing making a mistake, afraid to make a decision
  • tendency to be rigid and stubborn
  • difficulty w/ affection, relationships often stiff and superficial
34
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

extreme anxiety/panic when separated from home or parent

many different psychotherapy treatments with some degree of success, usually resolves w/ time and age

35
Q

DMDD

A

for at least 1 year–severe temper outburst that are out of proportion to situation and to outbursts by peers

  • 3 times a week, present in at least 2 settings
  • angry/irritable mood b/w outbursts
  • 6-18 y/o
36
Q

ODD

A

argumentative, defiant, angry and irritable, vindictive

  • repeated arguments with adults, loss of temper, anger
  • ignore requests and rules, annoy ppl on purpose, blaming others
37
Q

CD

A

=ODD on steroids

  • violate other people’s rights
  • aggressive, may be cruel to ppl or animals
  • steal, threaten, harm victims
  • b/w 7 & 15
  1. overt destructive pattern: openly aggressive and confrontational
  2. overt non-destructive pattern: openly offensive but non-confrontational behaviors, like lying
  3. covert destructive: secretive destructive behaviors
  4. covert non-destructive
38
Q

elimination disorders

A

enuresis/encopresis

-reached age where they should be able to control bodily functions, NOT caused by physical illness

39
Q

ADHD

A

hyperactive/inattentive, can have problems with learning/comm, school, interacting with other kids, misbehavior, mood/anxiety

40
Q

ASD

A

unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, rigid

  • symptoms appear early in life, usually before 3
  • those with ASD generally remain significantly disabled into childhood–> usually problems with social interactions and comm, restricted interests/activities
  • language and comm problems can take different forms
    a. echolalia: echoing of phrases spoken by others
    b. pronominal reversal: confusion of pronouns
41
Q

2 categories of old age disorders

A
  1. disorders common in all people but connected to process of aging (ex: depressive, SUD, anxiety)
  2. disorders of cognition that result from brain abnormalities (ex: delirium, neurocognitive disorders)
42
Q

old people–depression

A

very common

  • same features for old as young ppl
  • 20% old people, more common in women
  • depression–> increased chance of medical problems
  • VERY TREATABLE
  • caution w/ antidepressants: metabolism, cognitive impairment risks
43
Q

old people-anxiety

A
  • very common
  • 11%
  • prevalence increases as ppl age
  • MANY things contribute to heightening anxiety, including declining health
  • treated with psychotherapy, particularly CBT
  • antianxiety meds (but cautiously)
44
Q

old people-psychotic disorders

A
  • higher rate of psychotic disorders than younger ppl
  • usually d/t a medical condition, like delirium or dementia
  • SOME suffer from schizophrenia or delusional disorder
45
Q

old people–delusional disorder

A
  • beliefs that are false but not bizarre
  • prevalence increases in elderly
  • may be related to hearing deficiencies, social isolation, stress, heightened poverty levels
46
Q

criminal commitment

A

ppl accused of crimes are determined to be mentally unstable–> sent to mental institution for treatment

47
Q

mentally unstable at time of crime

A

NGRI: committed until improved enough to be released

48
Q

mentally unstable at time of trial

A

committed until competent to stand trial

49
Q

guilty but mentally ill

A

found mentally ill at time of crime, but illness was not responsible nor related to crime

50
Q

guilty with diminished capacity

A

mental dysfunction is an extenuating factor that a should be considered

51
Q

civil commitment

A

involuntarily committed to mental institution

  • typically a mental institution, can be outpatient or civil commitment
  • permits involuntary commitment when person is in need of treatment AND dangerous to self or others

suicide/reckless, put self/others at risk intentionally/unintentionally

52
Q

emergency commitment

A

many states give right to certify some patients as needing temporary commitment and medication

  • requires agreement of 2+ physicians or mental health professionals
  • length of stay often limited to 3 days

abnormal psychology (2 decks)

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