Test 2 Flashcards
Bipolar 1
manic episode+ depressive episode or hypomanic episode
Bipolar 2
major depressive episodes+ hypomanic episodes, NO MANIC EPISODES
intentional suicide
= intentional death
sub intentional suicide
= death by act that was your own but w/o intention to die (ex: overdose)
triggers for suicide
stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol+ drugs, mental disorders, chronic illness, etc.
anorexia nervosa RESTRICTING
begins by cutting out a lot of sweets/fattening foods–> completely cutting out food entirely, little variability in diet
anorexia–binge eating/purging
intention to lose weight by purging the food you consume or by using laxatives, may engage in eating binges
factitious disorder imposed on self
false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, without external rewards
–aka Munchausen syndrome
factitious disorder imposed on another
false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, IN ANOTHER PERSON, without external rewards
–aka Munchausen by proxy
substance use and addictive disorders–2+ symptoms in past year
- substance taken in larger doses/over a longer period of time than intended
- unsuccessful efforts to decrease SU
- much time spent trying to obtain/use/recover from effects of SU
- failure to fulfill roles in daily life d/t SU
- continued SU despite social/interpersonal problems
- continuing to use sub despite physical risks
- cravings
- tolerance effects
- withdrawal reactions
classifications of depressants
- alcohol
- sedative-hypnotic drugs
- opioids
classification: stimulants
- cocaine
- amphetamines
- caffeine
classification: hallucinogens
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Philocybin
- MDMA
- cannabis
4 phases of healthy human sex response
- desire
- excitement
- orgasm
- resolution
Disorders of desire
- Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- female sexual interest/arousal disorder
* *impact urge to have sex, sexual fantasies, attraction to others
biological causes of low sex desire
- abnormal hormones
a. prolactin: high
b. testosterone: low
c. estrogen: high/low - excessive neurotransmitter activity
a. serotonin
b. dopamine - pain meds, psychotropic meds, illegal drugs
- long term illness
psychological causes of low sex desire
general increase in anxiety, depression, anger
attitudes, fears, memories
psych disorders
sociocultural causes of low sex desire
situational pressures unhappy/problematic relationships bad at sex lol cultural standards sex trauma/molestation psych disorders
psychosis
= loss of contact with reality, most commonly appears as schizophrenia
schizophrenia checklist
**1 month, 2+ symptoms
**hallucinations
**delusions
**disorganized speech
abnormal bx activity
negative symptoms
course of schizophrenia
- prodromal: beginning of deterioration, mild symptoms.
- active: symptoms very apparent
- residual: return to prodromal
personality disorder
long term, rigid, wide-ranging pattern of inner experience and bx that leads to dysfunction in 2+ realms: cognition, emotion, social interactions, impulsivity
3 categories of PD
- odd/eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
- dramatic, emotional, erratic bx: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
- anxious/fearful: avoidant, dependent, OCD
paranoid PD
=odd/eccentric
- *deep mistrust and suspicion of others
1. limited close relationships, cold and distant
2. excessive trust in self,; critical of weakness in others
schizoid PD
=odd/eccentric
persistent avoidance of social relationships, little demonstration of emotions
- focuses on self, unaffected by praise or criticism
- alone
- weak social skills
- lack of intimacy interest
~ASD
schizotypal PD
=odd/eccentric
range of interpersonal problems, EXTREME discomfort w close relationships+ odd/bizarre ways of thinking, behavioral eccentricities
- delusions/illusions
- difficulty keeping focused, tangential thinking/loose associations
antisocial PD
=dramatic, emotional, erratic
disregard and violate others’ rights
- must be at least 18
- lie frequently, reckless, impulsive
- little regard for other ind, cruel, sadistic, aggressive, violent
- higher rate of alcoholism, SUD, CD, ADHD
borderline PD
=dramatic, emotional, erratic
instability, major mood shifts, unstable self-image, impulsivity
unstable interpersonal relationships, bouts of anger–> physical violence/aggression–> harm to self
histrionic PD
=dramatic, emotional, erratic
=extremely emotional and seek to be the center of attention
- attention-seeking bx, center stage
- approval and praise**
- vain, self-centered
- suicide attempts w/ manipulative intent
narcissistic PD
=dramatic, emotional, erratic
=grandiose, need for admiration, no empathy towards others
- exaggeration of achievements and talents, arrogance
- selective about friends, often favorable first impressions
- some make suicide attempts w/ intent to manipulate
avoidant PD
=anxious/fearful
-consistent discomfort/restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation
- social avoidant PD= fear of close social relationships
- social anxiety D= fear of social circumstances
dependent PD
=anxious/fearful
- pervasive need to be cared for
- clingy and obedient, fear separation from loved ones
- reliance on others so much so that smallest decisions cannot be made
- difficulty w/ separation= #1 feature
OCD
=anxious/fearful
- intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, control and resulting loss of flexibility, openness, efficiency
- high standards for self and others, fearing making a mistake, afraid to make a decision
- tendency to be rigid and stubborn
- difficulty w/ affection, relationships often stiff and superficial
Separation anxiety disorder
extreme anxiety/panic when separated from home or parent
many different psychotherapy treatments with some degree of success, usually resolves w/ time and age
DMDD
for at least 1 year–severe temper outburst that are out of proportion to situation and to outbursts by peers
- 3 times a week, present in at least 2 settings
- angry/irritable mood b/w outbursts
- 6-18 y/o
ODD
argumentative, defiant, angry and irritable, vindictive
- repeated arguments with adults, loss of temper, anger
- ignore requests and rules, annoy ppl on purpose, blaming others
CD
=ODD on steroids
- violate other people’s rights
- aggressive, may be cruel to ppl or animals
- steal, threaten, harm victims
- b/w 7 & 15
- overt destructive pattern: openly aggressive and confrontational
- overt non-destructive pattern: openly offensive but non-confrontational behaviors, like lying
- covert destructive: secretive destructive behaviors
- covert non-destructive
elimination disorders
enuresis/encopresis
-reached age where they should be able to control bodily functions, NOT caused by physical illness
ADHD
hyperactive/inattentive, can have problems with learning/comm, school, interacting with other kids, misbehavior, mood/anxiety
ASD
unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, rigid
- symptoms appear early in life, usually before 3
- those with ASD generally remain significantly disabled into childhood–> usually problems with social interactions and comm, restricted interests/activities
- language and comm problems can take different forms
a. echolalia: echoing of phrases spoken by others
b. pronominal reversal: confusion of pronouns
2 categories of old age disorders
- disorders common in all people but connected to process of aging (ex: depressive, SUD, anxiety)
- disorders of cognition that result from brain abnormalities (ex: delirium, neurocognitive disorders)
old people–depression
very common
- same features for old as young ppl
- 20% old people, more common in women
- depression–> increased chance of medical problems
- VERY TREATABLE
- caution w/ antidepressants: metabolism, cognitive impairment risks
old people-anxiety
- very common
- 11%
- prevalence increases as ppl age
- MANY things contribute to heightening anxiety, including declining health
- treated with psychotherapy, particularly CBT
- antianxiety meds (but cautiously)
old people-psychotic disorders
- higher rate of psychotic disorders than younger ppl
- usually d/t a medical condition, like delirium or dementia
- SOME suffer from schizophrenia or delusional disorder
old people–delusional disorder
- beliefs that are false but not bizarre
- prevalence increases in elderly
- may be related to hearing deficiencies, social isolation, stress, heightened poverty levels
criminal commitment
ppl accused of crimes are determined to be mentally unstable–> sent to mental institution for treatment
mentally unstable at time of crime
NGRI: committed until improved enough to be released
mentally unstable at time of trial
committed until competent to stand trial
guilty but mentally ill
found mentally ill at time of crime, but illness was not responsible nor related to crime
guilty with diminished capacity
mental dysfunction is an extenuating factor that a should be considered
civil commitment
involuntarily committed to mental institution
- typically a mental institution, can be outpatient or civil commitment
- permits involuntary commitment when person is in need of treatment AND dangerous to self or others
suicide/reckless, put self/others at risk intentionally/unintentionally
emergency commitment
many states give right to certify some patients as needing temporary commitment and medication
- requires agreement of 2+ physicians or mental health professionals
- length of stay often limited to 3 days
