Test 1 review

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

(different, extreme, unusual, bizarre) deviance from social/cultural norms of proper functioning

Question 2

Dysfunction

Answer 2

(impedes with person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way; interferes with daily functioning)

Question 3

Distress

Answer 3

upsetting and unpleasant to that person or someone else)

Question 4

Danger

Answer 4

places self or others at risk of harm)

Question 5

Somatogenic perspective

Answer 5

abnormal psychological functioning has a physical cause
i
Origin from Emil Kraepelin and his work with syphilis and general paresis

BUT: why did medical treatments have such low efficacy (lobotomy, hydrotherapy, tooth extraction, etc.)

Somatogenic perspective supported by efficacy of medications

Question 6

Psychogenic perspective

Answer 6

chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

Perspective gained following when hypnotism began demonstrating its potential–>Hypnotists established that a mental process—hypnotic suggestion—could cause and cure physical dysfunction (hysterical disorders were largely psychological in origin)

Question 7

Psychotropic medications

Answer 7

drugs that affect the brain and reduce symptoms of mental dysfunction

Question 8

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 8

(aka minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics, benzos/barbituates) help reduce tension and anxiety

Question 9

Antidepressants

Answer 9

help improve mood of people who are depressed

Question 10

Antipsychotics

Answer 10

help reduce confusion, hallucinations, and delusions of psychotic disorders (disorders marked by a loss of contact with reality)

Question 11

Antibipolar

Answer 11

(aka mood stabilizers) help steady the moods of those with bipolar disorder

Question 12

Clinical interview

Answer 12

process of collecting detailed information via a face-to-face encounter

i. Unstructured (use of open-ended questions, lack of structure allows interviewer to explore leads and topics that couldn’t be anticipated pre-interview)
ii. vs. structured interview: use of specific questions

Question 13

Tests

Answer 13

device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

Question 14

Observation

Answer 14

systematically observing people’s behavior in naturalistic or artificial settings, or the observation of one’s own behavior

Question 15

Symptoms of GAD

Answer 15

For 6+ months, person must experience disproportionate, uncontrollable, and ongoing anxiety and worry about multiple matters

Symptoms must include at least three of the following: edginess, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, sleep problems

Significant distress or impairment

Anxiety disorders one of the most common disorders in US

Question 16

GABA

Answer 16

Primary inhibitory NT known to counterbalance glutamate

When GABA received at a receptor, neuron stops firing

Hypothesis: people with GAD might have ongoing problems in their anxiety feedback system (maybe too few GABA receptors, or GABA receptors don’t readily capture NT)

Think of fear reaction and overall excitability, GABA released to counter this excitability and bring us to baseline but in people with a malfunction in this feedback system, fear/anxiety can go unchecked

Question 17

Symptoms of a panic attack

Answer 17

Def: periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass

Feature at least four of the following symptoms: panic, palpitations, tingling of hands or feet, shortness of breath, sweating, hot and cold flashes, trembling, chest pains, choking sensations, faintness, dizziness

Question 18

Schemas

Answer 18

deeply engrained beliefs about self, others, life; can form in response to CPTSD

Question 19

Personas

Answer 19

personality an individual projects to others, as differentiated from authentic self

triggered responses to schemas developed from CPTSD that can be protective, avoidant, or over-compensatory

Question 20

Why might protective personas develop in response to CPTSD

Answer 20

Cannot physically withdraw, so you psychologically withdraw

Coping strategy for overwhelming experiences

Cannot leave, forced to continue being retraumatized-> creation of a “separate self’

People who experience complex trauma from an early age must protect themselves in some way in order to cope. They are also more likely to have developed schemas that “the world is a dangerous place” or “I am note safe”. Rather than jeopardize one’s conscious safety and well-being, one means of protection is to take on a protective persona. This protective persona is better equipped to handle the stressors that the individual cannot normally handle.

Question 21

Symptoms of MDD

Answer 21

Weight or appetite change

Daily insomnia or hypersomnia

Daily agitation or decrease in motor activity

Daily fatigue or lethargy

Daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

Daily reduction in concentration or decisiveness

Question 22

Bipolar 1

Answer 22

a type of bipolar disorder marked by full manic and major depressive episodes

Question 23

Bipolar 2

Answer 23

a type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes, no history of manic episodes

Question 24

Manic episode symptoms

Answer 24

Grandiosity or overblown self esteem

Reduced sleep need

Rapidly shifting ideas or sense that one’s thoughts are moving quickly
mm. Attention pulled in many directions

Heightened activity or agitated movements

Excessive pursuit of risky and potentially problematic activities

Question 25

Intentional suicide

Answer 25

a self-inflicted death in which one makes an intentional, direct, and conscious effort to end one’s life

Question 26

subintentional suicide

Answer 26

a death in which the victim plays an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconscious role

Question 27

factitious disorder imposed on self

Answer 27

false creation of physical psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury, disease, even without external rewards

Presentation of SELF as injured or hurt

Aka Munchausen syndrome

Question 28

factitious disorder imposed on other

Answer 28

false creation of physical or psychological symptoms in ANOTHER PERSON, even without external rewards

Presentation of ANOTHER PERSON (victim) as ill, damaged, or hurt

Aka Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Question 29

anorexia nervosa restricting subtype

Answer 29

lose weight by cutting out sweet and fattening foods, eventually eliminating all good, show almost no variability in diet

Question 30

anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging subtype

Answer 30

lose weight by FORCING THEMSELVES TO VOMIT after meals or by abusing laxatives or diuretics, may engage in eating binges

Question 31

Bulimia

Answer 31

• REPEATED BINGE EATING EPISODES

Repeated performance of ill-advised compensatory behaviors (like forced vomiting) to prevent weight gain

Symptoms take place at least weekly for 3+ months

Inappropriate influence of weight and shape on appraisal of self