TEST 2

Question 1

Leaves

Answer 1

• All about photosynthesis
• Increased SA to catch light
• Low volume to help facilitate gas exchange
  All maximize the ability of photosynthesis

Question 2

Sessile

Answer 2

No petiole

Question 3

Exstipulate

Answer 3

No stipules

Question 4

Leflets

Answer 4

• Can be organized in different ways

- If a stem there and a terminal bind - but instead there is a leaflet

Question 5

Palmately compound leaf

Answer 5

Evolved

Question 6

Eudicot leaf

Answer 6

• Netted
• Venation pattern
• Pinately netted
• No vascular cambium
• Has guard cells only on one side
• (adaxial, poliside mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, abaxial)

Question 7

Monocot leaf

Answer 7

• Parallel venation
• Has guard cells on both sides
• (adaxial, mesophyll, abaxial)

Question 8

Leaf attachment

Answer 8

• Has one axillary bud
• 1 leaf/node -> alternate
• 2 leaves/node -> opposite
• > 3 leaves/nodes -> whorled

Question 9

Leaf modifications

Answer 9

• Spines: protection, anti herbivory, reflect excess light.
• Tendrils: climbing
• Succulent: water-storing
• Petaloid bract: pollinator attraction
• Bulb leaves - carb storage
• Bud scales - protect SAM
• Carnivore - eat prey

Question 10

Flowers

Answer 10

• Collection of organs
• 4 organs in whorls
• Carpel, stamen, petal, sepal, receptacle, pendacle

Question 11

Stamen

Answer 11

• Anther and filament
• Pollen is kept in anther
• Cross- section; chambers are called microsporangium

Question 12

Carpel

Answer 12

• Stigma (catches pollen)
• Style
• Ovary

Question 13

perfect flower

Answer 13

male AND female reproductive organs

Question 14

Imperfect flowers

Answer 14

male OR female reproductive organs

Question 15

Complete flower

Answer 15

Has all floral organs present

Question 16

Incomplete flower

Answer 16

Has missing one or more organs

Question 17

Monoecious

Answer 17

Can reproduce on their own

Question 18

Dioecious

Answer 18

Need two plants to reproduce

Question 19

Inflorescence

Answer 19

• Single shoot with with many flowers

- Differences in maturation

Question 20

Raceme

Answer 20

Flowers alternate on the peduncle

Question 21

Spike

Answer 21

• No pedicel and the flowers are connected to the peduncle

Question 22

Umbel

Answer 22

-Looks like half of the circle

Question 23

Corymb

Answer 23

Similar to raceme but longer pedicels

Question 24

Panicle

Answer 24

Has many layers

Question 25

Ray flowers

Answer 25

Attraction of pollinators

+/- fertility

Question 26

Disc flowers

Answer 26

Reproduction

Question 27

Pollination

Answer 27

Transfer of pollen to stigma surface

Question 28

Pappus

Answer 28

Modified sepals

Question 29

Passive pollination

Answer 29

• random
• wind, sometimes water
• lots of pollen made
• Very small, highly reduced flowers.

Question 30

Active pollination

Answer 30

• Use a living vector
• insects, birds, mammals
• tools for pollinators (color, food, odor)

Question 31

Insects (30% of food crop is pollinated by bees)

Answer 31

• Odiferous
• Yellow, blue, white
• Nectar
• Polen
• Mimicry

Question 32

Birds (hummingbirds)

Answer 32

• Red, oragne
• no odor
• Nectar

Question 33

Mammals (bats)

Answer 33

• White
• Larger in size
• Odiferous (smell like bats)
• Nectar
• Floral shape can help with echolocation

Question 34

Fertilization

Answer 34

Egg and sperm make a zygote

Question 35

Alternation of generations

Answer 35

Plants go through haploid and diploid phases.

Question 36

Synergids

Answer 36

Release signal to pollen tube

Question 37

Goals of seeds

Answer 37

• Fruit forms

- Relation to seed dispersal

Question 38

Compound fruit

Answer 38

1) aggregate (blackberry)
1 flower 
many unfused carpel
2) multiple (pineapple)
many flowers 
many fused carpels

Question 39

Accessory fruit

Answer 39

Composed of more than ovary tissue (strawberry)