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Bioinformatics > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Information derived from cross sectional surveys allow a researcher to make causal statements about the IV and the DV is this true or false

A

false

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1
Q

An externally valid question is a question whose validity is assessed by correlating the question with some observable behavior or physiological measure or outcome, this is true or false

A

true

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1
Q

when looking at a study and wondering if your patient population will match the population of the study this is considered what

A

external validity

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1
Q

A multi stage cluster sample is a type of probability sample of a larger population used in survey research. In probability samples each case has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample which are true or false

A

both true

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1
Q

the probability of detecting a difference btw treatments in a study when they exist is what

A

power

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1
Q

Sensitivity is the probability that a diagnostic test yields a positive result given that the subject actually has the disease. It is possible to measure the incidence of a disease of a population with a cross sectional study Which is true and/or false

A

First True and Second False

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2
Q

a disadvantage of repeated measures experimental designs is that subjects act as their own controls. A disadvantage of repeated measures experimental designs is that the order in which treatments are received may effect the outcome of the experiment.

A

false true

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2
Q

a statistical analysis of whether the variable is really different from the control is

A

independent t test

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3
Q

involves examination of effects of multiple independent variable (2 experimental factors)(mouth rinse tooth paste study)

A

factorial design

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4
Q

MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING VALUE IN A DATASET, FOR ALL LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

A

Mode

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5
Q

statistical analysis comparing only 2 groups

A

t test

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6
Q

An externally valid question is a question whose validity is assessed by correlating the question with some observable behavior or physiological measure or outcome is this statement true or false

A

true

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6
Q

a statistical analysis of 3 or more groups or variables

A

anova

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8
Q
  1. Surveys typically use convenient samples drawn from a larger population. Typically surveys rely on a respondent’s willingness to participate which may affect the validity and accuracy of their survey which is true or/and false
A

False True

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9
Q

which type of hypothesis does not contain an = sign

aka : H1

A

research hypothesis

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10
Q

Confounding or extraneous variable decreases the researchers confidence that differences of outcomes are a result of the experimental treatment. The Hawthorne effect is the idea that people change their performance when they are being watched. which is true or false

A

both true

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13
Q

same subjects tested under all conditions

Each subject acts as his/her own control; subjects as own
control provides most equivalent comparison group possible

this is an advantage to what type of experiment

A

advantage to repeated measures

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14
Q

What is a specific mechanism to dealing with subject attrition?

A

Protocol should be designed to minimize patient discomfort and maximize compliance

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15
Q

think there is a difference in null and experimental hypothesis when there really isn’t

A

false positive

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16
Q

is info derived from a cross sectional study related to surveys

A

false

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16
Q

involves examination of the effects of multiple independent variables

A

factorial design

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17
Q

Appropriate for interval or ratio level (countable) data (sometimes ordinal)

A

mean

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18
Q

APPROPRIATE FOR DATA AT THE ORDINAL, INTERVAL OR RATIO LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT

A

median

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19
Q

think there is no difference in null and experimental hypothesis when there really is

A

false negative

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21
Q

can experiment can have internal validity but have low external validity

A

yes

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22
Q

a statistical test where patients are tested both before and after the experiment

A

paired t test

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24
Q

Information derived from cross sectional surveys allow a researcher to make causal statements about the IV and the DV, is this statement about surveys true or false

A

false

25
Q

Used to make inferences from sample data

A

inferential statistics

26
Q

Describe the characteristics of some sample. A set of tools that you will need in the process of doing and understanding data analysis.

A

descriptive statistics

27
Q

the exam grades of 80 dental students are normally distributed and the mean is 80 and SD is 10 and the Z score is 0

A

That means you scored 80 on the exam

28
Q

An active group is what in an experiment

A

not a placebo, the control works

29
Q

the inactive control in an experiment is what

A

the placebo, known not to work

30
Q

in the box and whiskers plot the dot in the middle of the boxes equals what

A

the mean

32
Q

in a positive control ?

A

subjects are capable of response

33
Q

Information derived from cross sectional surveys allow a researcher to make causal statements about the IV and the DV. is this statement true or false

A

false

34
Q

in an experiment when you split male, female or smokers and non smokers what type is this

A

block design

35
Q

Even with a p value less that .05 it is still possible for the null hypothesis to be true, true or false

A

true

36
Q

Typically surveys are dependent on willingness of ppl to participate, can mess up validity and accuracy of the responses. Survey samples are typically probability samples drawn from a larger pop

A

both true

37
Q
  1. In hypothesis testing, null is typically no effect. In P value less than 0.5 always indicates that null hypothesis is false
A

true, false

38
Q

a two way interaction occurs in an anova test when?

A

there is a significant change in the data based on the multiple variables

40
Q

what are the 6 steps of hypothesis testing

A
  1. MAKE DECISION/ DRAW CONCLUSION
  2. PERFORM CALCULATIONS FOR THE STATISTICAL TEST
  3. DECIDE ON THE “LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE” ()
  4. DECIDE ON THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION ON WHICH HYPOTHESIS TEST IS BASED.
  5. STATE THE RESEARCH AND NULL HYPOTHESIS
  6. STATE THE RESEARCH QUESTION
41
Q

quasi experiments suffer from what weakness

A

internal validity

42
Q

List tufts list of graphical misrepresentation (6)

A

A. InappropriateScale
B. Inappropriate Baseline
C. GraphicalDistortion
D. Hyping Data
E. OmittedData
F. Lie Factor

43
Q

Surveys typically use convenient samples drawn from a larger population. Typically surveys rely on a respondent’s willingness to participate which may affect the validity and accuracy of their survey

A

False, True

44
Q

The ability to determine if the observed effect in an experiment is due to the influence of the treatment instead of some other confounding/
extraneous variables is what

A

internal validity

45
Q

practice effects and carry over effects are disadvantages to what type of experiment

A

disadvantage to repatative measures

46
Q

Descriptive factors attempt to explain occurrence of a disease while identifying causal factors is this true or false

A

false

48
Q

A panel study observes a person over time true or false

A

true

49
Q

if a hypothesis has =, greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to what hypothesis is it

Ho

A

Null

50
Q

in the box and whiskers plot what does the middle line represent

A

median

51
Q

An externally valid question is a question whose validity is assessed by correlating the question with some observable behavior or physiological measure or outcome, is this statement about surveys true or false

A

true

52
Q

in a positive skew the graph shifts in which direction, and mean is above what

A

left, median

53
Q

in a negative skew the graph shifts in which direction, mean is where

A

right, below median

54
Q

the value of the 75th percentile is what type of dispersion

A

interquartile

55
Q

what is relationship between experimental groups and outcome variable(s)

A

statistical association

56
Q

what is it called when the subjects are exposed to treatment conditions, and then measured on outcome variable.

A

temporal order

57
Q

something that is known not to work;
demonstrates lack of response , or the placebo

A

negative control

58
Q

blocking factors must be related to which variable

A

dependent

59
Q

Any influence (variable) which decreases researcher’s confidence that differences in outcomes are the result of experimental treatment!!

A

extaneous/confounding variable

60
Q

Any influence which disturbs the equivalence of experimental groups and affects internal validity

A

selection bias

61
Q

Treatment is diffused/ shared to a group which is not intended to have exposure to that treatment is called what in an experiment.

A

diffusion/imatation

62
Q

what are three types of external validity

A

subject selection, experiment setting and history

63
Q

increase in inclusion and exclusion criteria decreases what

A

external validity

64
Q

to what degree can you generalize beyond research’s operational definition is called

A

construct validity

65
Q

surveys have information from crossectional studies true or false

A

false

66
Q

One group changed other not is example of

A

independent t test

Bioinformatics (3 decks)

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