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Anthropology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

jerich

A
  • west bank Israel

- oldest occupied settlement in the world

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2
Q

kathleen kenyon

A
  • 1906-1978
  • student of mortimer wheller
  • began in britian and middle east 1930’s
  • introduced stratigraphic excavations
  • part of founding insitute of archelogy in london
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3
Q

catalhoyuk

A
  • located in turkey
  • pop est 10,000
  • dates from 7500 BC
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4
Q

how do archoligist decide if city?

A
  • will see permanent architecture
  • stroage facilites
  • new tool kits
  • social complexity
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5
Q

broad characteristics of urbanism

A
  • large dense populations
  • economic complexity and interdependence
  • burecucracies
  • diversit of services
  • lots of non-agricultural actvites
  • almost always monumental architecture infristructure
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6
Q

egypt

A
  • obviously, major urbanism
  • distinct from rest of africa
  • cities devloped for a varity of reasons, some religious centers
  • real heyday 3000-1000 BC
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7
Q

How to build pyramids?

A
  • 23 years (max)
  • time and materials contract
  • 2.3 M blocks each weigh about 2.5 tons
  • work during floods and move 1,100 blocks a day
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8
Q

harappan buractats

A
  • barter
  • extensive and sandarized system of weights and mesures
  • coins
  • public works and town planning
  • health and sanitation managment
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9
Q

communication

A
  • canerform

- cylinder seals

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10
Q

megafuna extinction theroies

A
  1. enviromental stress direct and inderect
  2. blitzkrieg model
  3. disease
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11
Q

broad cultural sequences of north america

A
  • paleoindian 12,000-95,000 BC

- archaic

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12
Q

mesoamerica

A
  • domestication of maize around 5000 BC
  • pottery manufacctued around 3000 BC
  • regonial chronology/ major cultural
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13
Q

what are the 3 mesomaerica tribes?

A
  • Olmecs 1400-400 BC
  • maya 100-950 AD
  • Aztecs 800 AD-present
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14
Q

Aztecs

A
  • Northern Mexico, around 1200 AD
  • center tenochitlan ( today mexico city )
  • pop 125,000 ( largest at time )
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15
Q

Aztec Religion

A
  • polytheistic ( worshiped many Gods )
  • hierachy of gods
  • clycial understanding of world/nature
  • goal was to mitigrate the destructive side of nature gods
  • offerings to gods included fasting, purification offerings, blood sacrifice
  • life is cycial
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16
Q

Aztec sacrifice

A
  • key to understand context
  • need to feed the deities
  • sacrifed themselfs to enable sun,moon,earth to move
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17
Q

sacrifice types

A
  • cut out hearts at alter
  • shot with arrows
  • gladiater or after ball game
  • flayed
  • burned
  • drowned
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18
Q

mt dna sequencing

A
  • suggests multiple populations

- 15-30000 years ago

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19
Q

linguistic evidence

A
  • up to 35,000
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20
Q

monte verde

A
  • southern chile
  • “wet” site ( edge of former bog )
  • two layers
  • one curbon 33,000 bp
  • one carboon 15,000 bp
  • tom diliaha
21
Q

medowcroft rock shelter

A
  • reportedly occupied for short periods of time
  • solid dates back to 14,500
  • fuzzy dates 17,000-22,000
22
Q

kennewick man/ the anciententone

A
  • 9,300-9,600 years old
  • caucasoid traits
  • projectile point in the hip
23
Q

politics of kennwickman

A
  • many europenas taught history of migration from birth
24
Q

havasupai tribe

A
  • DNA study to understand the prevalence of contemporary health issues
  • data reused for other reasons
25
Q

cultural sequences of northg america

A
  • paloeoindian 12,000 BC to 4500 BC

- archaic ( 9,500 to 2,000/1,000 BC )

26
Q

paleoindian

A
  • forages
  • big game hunters
  • started hunting small then upscaled
27
Q

olsen-chubbuck

A
  • late paleo site

- 190 Bison

28
Q

paleopathology

A

study of disease in prehistoric populations based on studding skeletal remains and archaeolgical evidence

29
Q

what to learn from skelatal remains

A
  • violence ( broken bones )
  • infections and disese
  • dietary issues
  • tumors
  • genetic issues, wear and tear
30
Q

when was jerich setteled,premeated,and excavated and be who?

A
  • first settled 9000 BC
  • permeated by 8000-7000 BC
  • excavated 1860’s by Kathleen Kenyon
31
Q

when was catalhoyuk discoved and by who? also who excavated it?

A
  • discovered 1961 by james mellaart

- excavated by ian hodder

32
Q

what is the difference between relative and absolute dating?

A

relative- close time period (ex 1900’s or 20th century )

absolute- exact date ( ex 1923 )

33
Q

what are the 3 principles of archology studies?

A

excavation,analysis,interpertation

34
Q

name first cities of urbanization?

A

china,egypt,peru,jericho,mesopitamia,cathyoloc

35
Q

example of relative

A

carbon dating

36
Q

example of absolute

A

ceration or stadigraph

37
Q

describe 3 contributors of change?

A

invention,defusion,migration

38
Q

what are the five big theories on domestication?

A

oasis theory,hilly forms, demographic/population, reliablity of foodle model, feasting/social forces

39
Q

oasis theory

A

congregation surrounding water

40
Q

hilly forms

A

bottom of hill is where people and animals are

41
Q

demographic/population pressure

A

engorge in enviorment or population

42
Q

reliablity of food model

A

develop agriculture not to increase yeild but to increase relability

43
Q

feasting/social forces

A

gifts given

44
Q

frensic patholigy

A

studying humans remains ( ex mummies )

45
Q

domestication

A
  • protection/ hunting
  • food/meat
  • labor
46
Q

how to tell domestication

A
  • presence of new species
  • morphiological selection
  • size of critter
  • orray of species
  • population make up
47
Q

site

A

concentration of material evedence of human activity

48
Q

genetic

A

M+DNA sequencing

49
Q

linguistics

A

study of languages

Anthropology (3 decks)

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