Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
jerich
A
- west bank Israel
- oldest occupied settlement in the world
2
Q
kathleen kenyon
A
- 1906-1978
- student of mortimer wheller
- began in britian and middle east 1930’s
- introduced stratigraphic excavations
- part of founding insitute of archelogy in london
3
Q
catalhoyuk
A
- located in turkey
- pop est 10,000
- dates from 7500 BC
4
Q
how do archoligist decide if city?
A
- will see permanent architecture
- stroage facilites
- new tool kits
- social complexity
5
Q
broad characteristics of urbanism
A
- large dense populations
- economic complexity and interdependence
- burecucracies
- diversit of services
- lots of non-agricultural actvites
- almost always monumental architecture infristructure
6
Q
egypt
A
- obviously, major urbanism
- distinct from rest of africa
- cities devloped for a varity of reasons, some religious centers
- real heyday 3000-1000 BC
7
Q
How to build pyramids?
A
- 23 years (max)
- time and materials contract
- 2.3 M blocks each weigh about 2.5 tons
- work during floods and move 1,100 blocks a day
8
Q
harappan buractats
A
- barter
- extensive and sandarized system of weights and mesures
- coins
- public works and town planning
- health and sanitation managment
9
Q
communication
A
- canerform
- cylinder seals
10
Q
megafuna extinction theroies
A
- enviromental stress direct and inderect
- blitzkrieg model
- disease
11
Q
broad cultural sequences of north america
A
- paleoindian 12,000-95,000 BC
- archaic
12
Q
mesoamerica
A
- domestication of maize around 5000 BC
- pottery manufacctued around 3000 BC
- regonial chronology/ major cultural
13
Q
what are the 3 mesomaerica tribes?
A
- Olmecs 1400-400 BC
- maya 100-950 AD
- Aztecs 800 AD-present
14
Q
Aztecs
A
- Northern Mexico, around 1200 AD
- center tenochitlan ( today mexico city )
- pop 125,000 ( largest at time )
15
Q
Aztec Religion
A
- polytheistic ( worshiped many Gods )
- hierachy of gods
- clycial understanding of world/nature
- goal was to mitigrate the destructive side of nature gods
- offerings to gods included fasting, purification offerings, blood sacrifice
- life is cycial
16
Q
Aztec sacrifice
A
- key to understand context
- need to feed the deities
- sacrifed themselfs to enable sun,moon,earth to move
17
Q
sacrifice types
A
- cut out hearts at alter
- shot with arrows
- gladiater or after ball game
- flayed
- burned
- drowned
18
Q
mt dna sequencing
A
- suggests multiple populations
- 15-30000 years ago
19
Q
linguistic evidence
A
- up to 35,000
20
Q
monte verde
A
- southern chile
- “wet” site ( edge of former bog )
- two layers
- one curbon 33,000 bp
- one carboon 15,000 bp
- tom diliaha
21
Q
medowcroft rock shelter
A
- reportedly occupied for short periods of time
- solid dates back to 14,500
- fuzzy dates 17,000-22,000
22
Q
kennewick man/ the anciententone
A
- 9,300-9,600 years old
- caucasoid traits
- projectile point in the hip
23
Q
politics of kennwickman
A
- many europenas taught history of migration from birth
24
Q
havasupai tribe
A
- DNA study to understand the prevalence of contemporary health issues
- data reused for other reasons
25
cultural sequences of northg america
- paloeoindian 12,000 BC to 4500 BC
| - archaic ( 9,500 to 2,000/1,000 BC )
26
paleoindian
- forages
- big game hunters
- started hunting small then upscaled
27
olsen-chubbuck
- late paleo site
| - 190 Bison
28
paleopathology
study of disease in prehistoric populations based on studding skeletal remains and archaeolgical evidence
29
what to learn from skelatal remains
- violence ( broken bones )
- infections and disese
- dietary issues
- tumors
- genetic issues, wear and tear
30
when was jerich setteled,premeated,and excavated and be who?
- first settled 9000 BC
- permeated by 8000-7000 BC
- excavated 1860's by Kathleen Kenyon
31
when was catalhoyuk discoved and by who? also who excavated it?
- discovered 1961 by james mellaart
| - excavated by ian hodder
32
what is the difference between relative and absolute dating?
relative- close time period (ex 1900's or 20th century )
| absolute- exact date ( ex 1923 )
33
what are the 3 principles of archology studies?
excavation,analysis,interpertation
34
name first cities of urbanization?
china,egypt,peru,jericho,mesopitamia,cathyoloc
35
example of relative
carbon dating
36
example of absolute
ceration or stadigraph
37
describe 3 contributors of change?
invention,defusion,migration
38
what are the five big theories on domestication?
oasis theory,hilly forms, demographic/population, reliablity of foodle model, feasting/social forces
39
oasis theory
congregation surrounding water
40
hilly forms
bottom of hill is where people and animals are
41
demographic/population pressure
engorge in enviorment or population
42
reliablity of food model
develop agriculture not to increase yeild but to increase relability
43
feasting/social forces
gifts given
44
frensic patholigy
studying humans remains ( ex mummies )
45
domestication
- protection/ hunting
- food/meat
- labor
46
how to tell domestication
- presence of new species
- morphiological selection
- size of critter
- orray of species
- population make up
47
site
concentration of material evedence of human activity
48
genetic
M+DNA sequencing
49
linguistics
study of languages
