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test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

*transformation of Rome

why was christianity a challenge for Rome

A

the godly emperor denied divinity/authority

Jesus was a roman criminal (treason)

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2
Q

*transformation of Rome (TOR)

Jesus (6)

A
  • gossepels wrote a bibliography, his messages and ideas
  • real person
  • middle-upper class (educated)
  • people believed he preformed miracles
  • people follow and believe his ideas
  • messiah
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3
Q

*TOR

what was Jesus’ message

A

love god and one another
love your neighbours
humility, charity, brotherly love

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4
Q

*TOR

why was the fact that the jews called to kingdom of heaven a challenge for Rome

A

cause they have their own empire but Jesus says to focus on the unearthly kingdom

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5
Q

*TOR

why do the romans capture Jesus

A

cause he goes to Rome and says to stop earthly transactions but they considered him a troublemaker

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6
Q

*TOR

pantius pilate

A

tries to run Rome in a peaceful way
crucify him, resurrected, goes to heaven
dies for his followers and their sins (not just jews)

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7
Q

*TOR

christianity and Hellenstic world (6)

A
  • Paul of Tarsus -second most important person
    - spreads Jesus’ message city to city
  • greek speaking, non-jewish communities convert to christianity
  • stoic principles (open to all)
  • cult of mithras
  • church structure, like roman model
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8
Q

*TOR

christianity and Rome (6)

A
  • suspicious (women/slaves) -worship of criminal
    - secret meetings
  • few christians in the beginning
  • emperor Constantine= first emperor to become christian (influences others)
  • puts the Edict of Milan (religious toleration)
  • political force
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9
Q 
*TOR
church government (7)
A
  • roman model
  • cities
  • bishops
  • rome+constantinople (most important cities-church)
  • emperor should be head of church? NO its the pope
  • attitudes towards women stay the same in catholic church (patriarchy)
  • monasticism-monks (super devoted to christianity)
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10
Q

*TOR

saint Jerome and saint Ambrose

A

st Jerome- translates bible from greek to latin

st Ambrose- church authority (denies access for emperor to be head of church)

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11
Q

*TOR

explain the christian education

A

christians monks educate Western Europe
classical canon
monasteries- renters of learning

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12
Q

*TOR

appeal of christianity (7)

A
  1. universal- stoicism
  2. promise of salvation, go to heaven
  3. familiar practices
  4. gave meaning to life
  5. fulfilled the need to belong
  6. church structure
  7. Jesus is a real person (unlike mythology)
    CHRISTIANITY IS UNIFING
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13
Q

*after Rome
3 civilizations
european civ, byzantine empire, islamic world
explain the byzantine empire

A

form on roman empire
eastern-roman empire
influences 1. the roman state
2. legal system, Body of Civil Law
3. Constantinople, centre of byzantine
4. buffer state between islamic and European world

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14
Q

*after Rome (AR)

explain the islamic world

A

muslim faith has 5 pillars

  1. prayer 5x/day
  2. fasting (Ramadan)
  3. god and his prophet ->faith
  4. Mecca (pilgrimage)
  5. alms/ charity
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15
Q

*AR
europe- center of western civ
roman to European civ
what are the three elements

A
  1. Germanic people (part of the new civ since they made the other one fall) uncivilized and wild
  2. greco-roman culture
  3. christianity (takes greco-roman culture to civilize the germanic people) cements the 2 other elements together
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16
Q

*AR

what do the monks do (6)

A

-teach the germanic tribes
-live in monasteries, separately from everyone else
-key to post roman culture
-pope= Gregory the great
-purgatory (waiting room, heaven and hell)
-monks as missionaries (convert ppl)
Augustine converts king who convinces everyone
Saint Boniface (goes to Germany and convinces them one by one)

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17
Q

*AR

charlemagne’s empire

A

germanic ruler for 46 years

ruled: counts- rule their area, church (with personal relationships)

18
Q

*AR

what is a coronation

A

crown the emperor of Rome

by Pope Leo III

19
Q

*AR

6 things about the Carolingian renaissance

A
  • patrons of learning and arts
  • learning=salvation
  • classic latin texts
  • monks
  • carolingian miniscule
  • symbolizes fusion of greco-roman, germanic, christianity (foundation of European civ)
20
Q

*AR

why did the Carolingian renaissance collapse

A

charlemagnes death
Louis the Pious (his son becomes co-ruler of the empire before he dies so that people can already be scared of him)
he has 3 sons, before Louis dies they fight over who will be the next ruler
after he dies, The Treaty of Verdun: sons decide who will take what (settles the basic geo of western civ)

21
Q

*AR

who invades while Louis the pious’ sons are fighting

A

muslims, magyars, vikings cause the most destruction (repeatedly invade, christianity converts the vikings to the European civ)

22
Q

*European recovery (high Middle Ages)

3 things about agriculture

A
  • no invasions/internal disorders
  • no plague
  • climate improves
23
Q

*European recovery (ER)

3 agricultural improvements

A
  • more land use
  • technological advances (heavily wheeled plow, water/wind power, 3 field system)
  • market for food (serfs)
24
Q

*ER

social classes in the high Middle Ages

A 
you can't change class
last: peasants and serfs (belong to the lord, give up their freedom to be protected by knights)
25
Q

*ER

aristocracy

A

knights

towns and townspeople (not farmers) leads to trade

26
Q

*ER

3 things about trade

A
  • commercial capitalism, try to make money through trade
  • banks, people lend money
  • merchants, sell shoes in towns (towns come back)
27
Q

*ER

7 things about cities

A
  • indication that a civ is evolving
  • mostly repopulated Roman cities
  • lord’s land (new cities are built on)
  • castle= protection lords can give the cities
  • lords sell their lands for revenue
  • liberties bought
  • government
28
Q

*ER

explain feudalism

A

(political)
government and economic
no central governing authority since charlemagne
giving up freedom for protection
military change: knight armour, bigger horses, horse shoes, stirrup

29
Q

*ER

explain manorialism

A

(economic)
fiefs (land that is given)
60% of western civ are serfs

30
Q

*ER

explain The Crusades

A

church is involved with feudalism (not good), gets land from the lords and have to be loyal towards them
church officials can also be knights
monasteries destroyed
Cluniac Reform: church needs to be independent from the lords
Papal Reform
lay investiture
religion vs politics

31
Q

*ER

who is Gregory VII

A 
pope
increases church power
Concordat of Worms (contract), regain authority
-> church choses bishop (loyal to pope)
    king will approve bishop
    pope gives bishop spiritual power
32
Q

*ER

why is christianity important in peoples lives + seven sacraments

A

they have bad lives but they will go to heaven so it will make them feel better
7s: life is involved with church from birth to death

33
Q

*ER

who is Innocent III

A

pope
interdict (way of controlling the king)
intolerant of non-believers, Heresy
inquisition, holy office (rule out ideas that go against the church)

34
Q

*ER

give an example of inquisition

A

Albegensians have a dualist system
they say the soul is good but the body is evil
goal: the crusades get Jerusalem by fighting the muslims but are unsuccessful
persecution of jews

35
Q

*ER

effects of indulgence (5)

A
  • europe expanding
  • bitterness among muslims
  • kingdoms
  • trade
  • jewish persecution
36
Q

*ER

2 things about schools and unis

A
  • learn latin (read bible and the body of civil law)

- in cities

37
Q

*Crisis of the late Middle Ages
14 th century
worst period because three things are happening at the same time
what are they

A
  1. the Black Death
  2. Hundred Years’ War
  3. decline of the church
38
Q

*Crisis of the late Middle Ages (CLMA)

explain the Black Death (plague)

A

before: bad weather= bad for growing season and crop failure (disease)
malnutrition= can catch diseases
during:
2 types= bubonic, pneumonic (lungs)
origins in Asia to Europe by trade (rats)
pathology, flea on rats (in the bloodstream of fleas)
urban conditions
hygiene
lack of knowledge
devastation (33-50% loss of population)
recurrences (3x)
social reactions: anti-semitism (blame jews)
attitude towards life (lose hope)
flagellants
economic consequences: peasants
lords sell food for less and pay peasants more (wants peasants to be serfs again, peasant revolt)

39
Q

*CLMA

explain the Hundred Years’ War

A

France vs England
Causes: knights, economic, feudalism, who will be French ruler
France wins because the war was in France and they had more people
Consequences: trade disruption, English monarchy needs to raise money to fight war (parliament, aristocrates), warfare changed, French-english hatred

40
Q

*CLMA

explain the decline of the church

A

Pope vs king
King wants to raise taxes of the clergy in France
Universal sovereignty of the papacy vs royal sovereignty of the monarch
King kidnaps pope (dies)
King puts pressure on cardinals to elect a French pope, Clement V (loyal to king)
Papacy of Avignon (Rome to Avignon, not traditional)
Life of the riches (church is living like kings), makes people not like the church anymore
French cardinals
Gregory XI moves everything back to Rome, tells cardinals to elect an Italian pope
Cardinals elect an Italian pope, escape, then elect a French pope (2 popes) (the great schism)
Church wants both popes to resign so they can pick a new pope but they don’t so now there are 3 popes
After >100 years since the beginning finally all 3 resign and there’s only 1 pope

history test 1 (3 decks)

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