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test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

2 defenitions of a civilization

A

individuals merge themselves, energies and interests in a large community
citizens bind themselves in political, social, economic and cultural organization

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2
Q

why did western civ start in the middle east

A

fertile soil

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3
Q

name 5 things that make a civilization (other than hierarchy)

A
  • people
  • food/water (surplus) (other jobs)
  • writing/communication
  • economy (trades,currency)
  • legal system
  • thinking
  • technology (transportation)
  • culture
  • architecture
  • city
  • religion
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4
Q

*name the 6 levels of the social structure (hierarchy)

A
  1. king/gouvernement
  2. religious/clergy
  3. rich
  4. merchants
  5. peasants
  6. slaves
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5
Q

what did people do in the paleolithic life

A

hunted and gathered

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6
Q

what did people do in the neolithic revolution and what did it lead to

A

gathered food, raised crops, produce food, domesticate animals, able to be non farmers, specialized social roles, greater population, more food needed (technology), trade/commerce
villages -> towns -> cities

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7
Q

*mesopotamia (environment is good for growing food)
Sumerians -patriarchal -city-state
what writing did they use?

A

cuneiform writing
used to preserve/understand their history
-taxes
-legal docs
-stories
epic of gilg influenced the style of writing

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8
Q

what is a city-state

A

city is in charge of the surroundings who work for the cities

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9
Q

*mes

4 important things for the sumerians

A
  • first to use math in a complexe manner
  • education
  • religion -> polytheistic (Ziggurat is their temple) (very important)
  • technology (the wheel)
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10
Q

*mes

who was the king of babylon and what law did he make

A

hammurabi
the code of hammurabi -> 282 laws
«an eye for an eye»

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11
Q

6 important things for egypt (not in mesopotamia)

A
  • rich economy
  • good medical knowledge
  • pyramids (houses for kings after death- mummies)
  • kings and religion=v important
  • mathematically and technologically advanced
  • education
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12
Q

who used hieroglyphics as their writing

A

egyptians

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13
Q

*mes

3 important things for the phoenicians

A
  • modern day lebanon
  • expert ship builders, fishers, traders
  • alphabet
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14
Q

*mes

7 important things to the hebrews

A
  • religion is the most important thing to western civ (Jesus-> christianity) god and then humans
  • covenant
  • Yahweh (god for israliens)
  • monotheism
  • hebrew law- 10 commandments
  • prophets
  • social justice
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15
Q

*mes

5 important things for the persians

A
  • empire
  • rule -diplomacy
  • uniform currency
  • royal road -protect the land and communication
  • religion, god=Zoroaster, good and evil
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16
Q

what are the 2 periods of ancient greece

A

hellenic (greek)

hellenistic (imitate the greeks)

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17
Q

Which civilization is this?
mountains and islands have a big impact on evolution
huge influence on western civ
greco-roman is the foundation of ev. of western civ

A

ancient greece

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18
Q

what starts the greek obsession with litterature

A

Iliad/odyssey-homer

writes about human existence

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19
Q

what is a polis

A

greek version of a city-state

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20
Q

what are commun characteristics between polis

A
  • an acropolis
  • agora
  • walls
  • urban and rural link
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21
Q

3 facts about Sparta

A
  • military
  • women have a greater role than in athens
  • simplistic
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22
Q

2 wars in ancient greece

A

persian wars

peloponnesian war

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23
Q

what are womens roles in athens

A

dont have a role to play

produce children, stay home, not even aristocrates, spin and weave

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24
Q

ancient greeks are dependant on…

A

slavery

no freedom or democracy

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25
Q

2 reasons ancient athens used literature

A
  • writing and reading

- history (invent history as we know it)

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26
Q

who writes about persian wars

A

herodotus

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27
Q

what does thucydides write about

why is he a good historian

A

writes and participates in peloponnesian wars

because he uses critical thinking (investigates and put focus on human beings)

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28
Q

what was drama used for in ancient greece

A

we use the same type of theater
humans are the focus of the play
comment on current events

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29
Q

what did sophocles write

A

oedipus -conflict between athens and sparta

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30
Q

what did aristophanes (invents comedy critics) write

A

lysistrata -no sex til war is over

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31
Q

what did the art/architecture in greece represent

A

harmony, proportion, beauty

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32
Q

who is in control in athens (democracy)

athens is an agricultural polis

A

aristocrates

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33
Q

there were 9 archons (rulers) in athens but that creates chaos so they decide 1 is better. who is that person

A

Solon

34
Q

what reforms does solon put in place

A
  • court system
  • political participation (only free born men 18+, have to own a property)
  • athenian assembly -> elect archons
35
Q

who enforced solons reforms

A

peisistratos (tyrant)

36
Q

what does cleisthenes do in athens

A

10 voting districts
council of 500 citizens who propose laws, those proposals are sent to the Ecclesia (ppl who participate in voting)
Ostracism-public humiliation for ppl who disrupt

37
Q

who says that politicians should be paid (which increases the number of participants)

A

Pericles

38
Q

how old was alexander the great when he died

A

32

a lot of historical info about him (2nd most written about)

39
Q

who was alexander tutored by

A

aristotle

40
Q

why does alexander invade persia

A

wanted to fulfill his fathers dreams

41
Q

how important was alexander for cities in the hellenistic world

A

many cities named after him to expand greek culture

Alexandria egypt was the most important city

42
Q

Alexander the great

A

named by the romans
creates a cultural empire
influences the romans who influence western civ

43
Q

*legacy

how was alexander in wars

A

military genius
never lost a battle
his military tactics are still studied

44
Q

how is christianity influenced

A

alex influences cities that influences christianity (a lot of ppl to convert)

45
Q

how did alex influence commerce

A

east and west connect to create commerce

46
Q

what are the polis in the hellenistic kingdoms

A

cities that are at the core of their kingdoms

wealth/trade/industry

47
Q

what competition is there between states

A

culturally, diplomatically, militarily

48
Q

*classical philosophy

what does socrates do in philosophy

A
  • reason
  • goal is to figure out the truth
  • practical ethics
49
Q

*classical philosophy

who says “an unexamined life is not worth living”

A

socrates

50
Q

*classical philosophy

what does plato do for philosophy

A
  • writes dialogues (recreates conversations he had with socrates)
  • The Academy (opens a school)
51
Q

*classical philosophy

what does aristotle (known as the smartest person) do for philosophy

A
  • earth is the center of the universe, church agrees
  • empirical knowledge (collect data to prove your points)
  • influential to western civ
  • supporter of slavery and women are below men
52
Q

what does classical philosophy mean

A

creation of the greeks

53
Q

what does hellenistic philosophy mean

A

for commoners (for everyday people)

54
Q

*hellenistic philosophy

why is it popular (5)

A
  • decline of the polis (not independent cause the king is in charge)
  • life unstable (so chaotic so philosophy gives stability)
  • more mobility
  • permanence
  • religion declined (pay more attention to philosophy)
55
Q

*hellenistic

what does zeno do for philosophy (accepting of everything)

A
  • tolerant/forgiving
  • divine spark
  • universal (open to anyone)
  • most popular to romans
  • opens the door for christianity
56
Q

5 important for science in the hellenistic world

A
  • reason
  • cultural merging (greek and eastern intellectuals)
  • greek language (commun language to exchange info)
  • sharing ideas
  • heliocentric theory (sun is in the middle of the universe)
57
Q

which scientist draws all the hellenistic ideas about geometry (makes a book- The Element)

A

euclid

58
Q

which scientist figures out the earth is round and the structure of the earth

A

eratosthenes

59
Q

which scientist uses physics (invents pulley, lever, catapult, heat ray, pie)

A

archimedes

60
Q

what did sculptures try to show

A

tried to be realistic about human emotions (realism)

61
Q

what did sculpture influence

A

the renaissance

62
Q

what importance did the hellenistic world have

A
  • cities
  • imperial rule
  • universal state (big state where everyone has the same rules + christianity)
  • culture
63
Q

3 important factors for the romans

A
  • a bridge from the ancient to modern world
  • ancient civ/greece/hellenistic + roman = European culture = western civ
  • alphabet is our alphabet
64
Q

what were the romans devoted to

A

the tradition and their ancestors and rome (loved being roman)

65
Q

what society system was rome under

A

very patriarchal

66
Q

2 importances to the roman identity

A
  • ideal to be a farmer (also the soldiers)

- military virtue to serve in the army

67
Q

whos is cincinnatus

A

a farmer, general, roman power (fasces)

he was the ideal roman, becomes dictator

68
Q

explain the republic (plebs, patricians)

A

patricians 2% (rich) and plebians 98% (the rest)
patricians dominate
so they compromise and make a consul (1 pleb, 1 pat)
they make a council of plebs leaded by the tribunes
the senate (patrician dominance)

69
Q

what impact does expansion of the romans have

A
  • success
  • taxation (states taken over by romans need to pay taxes and be soldiers)
  • military power
  • trade/intermarriage/immigration get citizenship
70
Q

explain the 1st punic war

A

take over sicily

opportunistic (if they have an opportunity they take it)

71
Q

explain the 2nd punic war

A

hannibal (general) attacked rome

resilient (lose to hannibal so they make another army)

72
Q

explain the 3rd punic war

A

cato (plebian senate) “carthage must be destroyed”

ruthless (destroy the city)

73
Q

what happens when the romans take over the hellenistic world

A

they take over the whole mediterranean

74
Q

who was used to educate the romans

A

greeks slaves

75
Q

the empire uses the augustan system

what are the 2 types of emperors

A

good emperor - prosperous
5 in a row
bad emperor - chaos

76
Q

name 2 bad emperors

A

caligula, when written about highlighted bad things about him
was crazy, loved his horse-ate with him and the senates (disrespectful)
horse becomes cousil so assassinated by praetorian guard

nero, killed his mom, had sex with his sister
“fiddled while rome burned” allowed the city to burn to make space for his palace
self-centered, assassinated by praetorian guard

77
Q

gladiators/violence are forms of what

A

entertainment

78
Q

what did the romans build with their architecture

A 
cement, build massive structures
forum (similar to the agora in greece)
bridges
roads “all roads lead to rome”
aqueducts
79
Q

the fall of the republic

A

in book

80
Q

6 factors of the roman law

A
  • our legal system is based directly off of the roman system
  • experts
  • jurisprudence, latin=legal wisdom
  • concepts
  • innocent until proven guilty
  • equal
81
Q

why did the western empire fall (7)

A 
invasion of the germanic tribes
roman values decline
lack of technology, cause they have slaves
political system is unworkable 
extreme violence
rich/poor gap
christianity

history test 1 (3 decks)

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