test 1 Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
2 defenitions of a civilization
A
individuals merge themselves, energies and interests in a large community
citizens bind themselves in political, social, economic and cultural organization
2
Q
why did western civ start in the middle east
A
fertile soil
3
Q
name 5 things that make a civilization (other than hierarchy)
A
- people
- food/water (surplus) (other jobs)
- writing/communication
- economy (trades,currency)
- legal system
- thinking
- technology (transportation)
- culture
- architecture
- city
- religion
4
Q
*name the 6 levels of the social structure (hierarchy)
A
- king/gouvernement
- religious/clergy
- rich
- merchants
- peasants
- slaves
5
Q
what did people do in the paleolithic life
A
hunted and gathered
6
Q
what did people do in the neolithic revolution and what did it lead to
A
gathered food, raised crops, produce food, domesticate animals, able to be non farmers, specialized social roles, greater population, more food needed (technology), trade/commerce
villages -> towns -> cities
7
Q
*mesopotamia (environment is good for growing food)
Sumerians -patriarchal -city-state
what writing did they use?
A
cuneiform writing
used to preserve/understand their history
-taxes
-legal docs
-stories
epic of gilg influenced the style of writing
8
Q
what is a city-state
A
city is in charge of the surroundings who work for the cities
9
Q
*mes
4 important things for the sumerians
A
- first to use math in a complexe manner
- education
- religion -> polytheistic (Ziggurat is their temple) (very important)
- technology (the wheel)
10
Q
*mes
who was the king of babylon and what law did he make
A
hammurabi
the code of hammurabi -> 282 laws
«an eye for an eye»
11
Q
6 important things for egypt (not in mesopotamia)
A
- rich economy
- good medical knowledge
- pyramids (houses for kings after death- mummies)
- kings and religion=v important
- mathematically and technologically advanced
- education
12
Q
who used hieroglyphics as their writing
A
egyptians
13
Q
*mes
3 important things for the phoenicians
A
- modern day lebanon
- expert ship builders, fishers, traders
- alphabet
14
Q
*mes
7 important things to the hebrews
A
- religion is the most important thing to western civ (Jesus-> christianity) god and then humans
- covenant
- Yahweh (god for israliens)
- monotheism
- hebrew law- 10 commandments
- prophets
- social justice
15
Q
*mes
5 important things for the persians
A
- empire
- rule -diplomacy
- uniform currency
- royal road -protect the land and communication
- religion, god=Zoroaster, good and evil
16
Q
what are the 2 periods of ancient greece
A
hellenic (greek)
hellenistic (imitate the greeks)
17
Q
Which civilization is this?
mountains and islands have a big impact on evolution
huge influence on western civ
greco-roman is the foundation of ev. of western civ
A
ancient greece
18
Q
what starts the greek obsession with litterature
A
Iliad/odyssey-homer
writes about human existence
19
Q
what is a polis
A
greek version of a city-state
20
Q
what are commun characteristics between polis
A
- an acropolis
- agora
- walls
- urban and rural link
21
Q
3 facts about Sparta
A
- military
- women have a greater role than in athens
- simplistic
22
Q
2 wars in ancient greece
A
persian wars
peloponnesian war
23
Q
what are womens roles in athens
A
dont have a role to play
produce children, stay home, not even aristocrates, spin and weave
24
Q
ancient greeks are dependant on…
A
slavery
no freedom or democracy
25
2 reasons ancient athens used literature
- writing and reading
| - history (invent history as we know it)
26
who writes about persian wars
herodotus
27
what does thucydides write about
| why is he a good historian
writes and participates in peloponnesian wars
| because he uses critical thinking (investigates and put focus on human beings)
28
what was drama used for in ancient greece
we use the same type of theater
humans are the focus of the play
comment on current events
29
what did sophocles write
oedipus -conflict between athens and sparta
30
what did aristophanes (invents comedy critics) write
lysistrata -no sex til war is over
31
what did the art/architecture in greece represent
harmony, proportion, beauty
32
who is in control in athens (democracy)
| athens is an agricultural polis
aristocrates
33
there were 9 archons (rulers) in athens but that creates chaos so they decide 1 is better. who is that person
Solon
34
what reforms does solon put in place
- court system
- political participation (only free born men 18+, have to own a property)
- athenian assembly -> elect archons
35
who enforced solons reforms
peisistratos (tyrant)
36
what does cleisthenes do in athens
10 voting districts
council of 500 citizens who propose laws, those proposals are sent to the Ecclesia (ppl who participate in voting)
Ostracism-public humiliation for ppl who disrupt
37
who says that politicians should be paid (which increases the number of participants)
Pericles
38
how old was alexander the great when he died
32
| a lot of historical info about him (2nd most written about)
39
who was alexander tutored by
aristotle
40
why does alexander invade persia
wanted to fulfill his fathers dreams
41
how important was alexander for cities in the hellenistic world
many cities named after him to expand greek culture
| Alexandria egypt was the most important city
42
Alexander the great
named by the romans
creates a cultural empire
influences the romans who influence western civ
43
*legacy
| how was alexander in wars
military genius
never lost a battle
his military tactics are still studied
44
how is christianity influenced
alex influences cities that influences christianity (a lot of ppl to convert)
45
how did alex influence commerce
east and west connect to create commerce
46
what are the polis in the hellenistic kingdoms
cities that are at the core of their kingdoms
| wealth/trade/industry
47
what competition is there between states
culturally, diplomatically, militarily
48
*classical philosophy
| what does socrates do in philosophy
- reason
- goal is to figure out the truth
- practical ethics
49
*classical philosophy
| who says “an unexamined life is not worth living”
socrates
50
*classical philosophy
| what does plato do for philosophy
- writes dialogues (recreates conversations he had with socrates)
- The Academy (opens a school)
51
*classical philosophy
| what does aristotle (known as the smartest person) do for philosophy
- earth is the center of the universe, church agrees
- empirical knowledge (collect data to prove your points)
- influential to western civ
- supporter of slavery and women are below men
52
what does classical philosophy mean
creation of the greeks
53
what does hellenistic philosophy mean
for commoners (for everyday people)
54
*hellenistic philosophy
| why is it popular (5)
- decline of the polis (not independent cause the king is in charge)
- life unstable (so chaotic so philosophy gives stability)
- more mobility
- permanence
- religion declined (pay more attention to philosophy)
55
*hellenistic
| what does zeno do for philosophy (accepting of everything)
- tolerant/forgiving
- divine spark
- universal (open to anyone)
- most popular to romans
- opens the door for christianity
56
5 important for science in the hellenistic world
- reason
- cultural merging (greek and eastern intellectuals)
- greek language (commun language to exchange info)
- sharing ideas
- heliocentric theory (sun is in the middle of the universe)
57
which scientist draws all the hellenistic ideas about geometry (makes a book- The Element)
euclid
58
which scientist figures out the earth is round and the structure of the earth
eratosthenes
59
which scientist uses physics (invents pulley, lever, catapult, heat ray, pie)
archimedes
60
what did sculptures try to show
tried to be realistic about human emotions (realism)
61
what did sculpture influence
the renaissance
62
what importance did the hellenistic world have
- cities
- imperial rule
- universal state (big state where everyone has the same rules + christianity)
- culture
63
3 important factors for the romans
- a bridge from the ancient to modern world
- ancient civ/greece/hellenistic + roman = European culture = western civ
- alphabet is our alphabet
64
what were the romans devoted to
the tradition and their ancestors and rome (loved being roman)
65
what society system was rome under
very patriarchal
66
2 importances to the roman identity
- ideal to be a farmer (also the soldiers)
| - military virtue to serve in the army
67
whos is cincinnatus
a farmer, general, roman power (fasces)
| he was the ideal roman, becomes dictator
68
explain the republic (plebs, patricians)
patricians 2% (rich) and plebians 98% (the rest)
patricians dominate
so they compromise and make a consul (1 pleb, 1 pat)
they make a council of plebs leaded by the tribunes
the senate (patrician dominance)
69
what impact does expansion of the romans have
- success
- taxation (states taken over by romans need to pay taxes and be soldiers)
- military power
- trade/intermarriage/immigration get citizenship
70
explain the 1st punic war
take over sicily
| opportunistic (if they have an opportunity they take it)
71
explain the 2nd punic war
hannibal (general) attacked rome
| resilient (lose to hannibal so they make another army)
72
explain the 3rd punic war
cato (plebian senate) “carthage must be destroyed”
| ruthless (destroy the city)
73
what happens when the romans take over the hellenistic world
they take over the whole mediterranean
74
who was used to educate the romans
greeks slaves
75
the empire uses the augustan system
| what are the 2 types of emperors
good emperor - prosperous
5 in a row
bad emperor - chaos
76
name 2 bad emperors
caligula, when written about highlighted bad things about him
was crazy, loved his horse-ate with him and the senates (disrespectful)
horse becomes cousil so assassinated by praetorian guard
nero, killed his mom, had sex with his sister
“fiddled while rome burned” allowed the city to burn to make space for his palace
self-centered, assassinated by praetorian guard
77
gladiators/violence are forms of what
entertainment
78
what did the romans build with their architecture
```
cement, build massive structures
forum (similar to the agora in greece)
bridges
roads “all roads lead to rome”
aqueducts
```
79
the fall of the republic
in book
80
6 factors of the roman law
- our legal system is based directly off of the roman system
- experts
- jurisprudence, latin=legal wisdom
- concepts
- innocent until proven guilty
- equal
81
why did the western empire fall (7)
```
invasion of the germanic tribes
roman values decline
lack of technology, cause they have slaves
political system is unworkable
extreme violence
rich/poor gap
christianity
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