Test 2

Question 1

Judaism Facts: (9)

Answer 1

Judaism was founded in Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria, Iran and Turkey) around 1300 B.C
Abraham viewed as a founding father of Judaism
Canada has the fourth largest Jewish population in the world
Approximately 300,000 currently live in Canada
Most live in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec
Israel has the largest Jewish population
■Judaism is a monotheistic religion.
■Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox are the main sects.
■ Hebrew was the first language spoken by Jews.

Question 2

Why are people in the Jewish community sometimes misunderstood?

Answer 2

Stereotype: Most Jewish people have a similar physical appearance.
Stereotype: Money means everything to Jewish people.
Stereotype: Jewish people are power-hungry.

Question 3

Judaism traces its origins back 3800 years to ________ and ______ the patriarch and matriarch of a people called the Hebrews (or Israelites).

Answer 3

Abraham and Sarah

Question 4

covenant:

Answer 4

An agreement of mutual faithfulness, like a contract or alliance, between two parties; “I will be your God and you shall be my people”; the agreement binds the parties together with mutual privileges and obligations.

Question 5

The area that we now know as Israel was once divided into two kingdoms. What were those Kingdoms?

Answer 5

kingdom of Israel (the northern kingdom) and the kingdom of Judah (the southern kingdom

Question 6

Why is the religion that began with Abraham among the Hebrew people called Judaism?

Answer 6

the Jewish people of today trace their heritage to the Hebrew people who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah.

Question 7

Who destroyed the Temple?

Why did the destruction of the Temple have an enormous impact on Judaism?

Answer 7

The Romans. The Temple was the centre of all Jewish worship and sacrifice.

Question 8

Define Messiah

Answer 8

A word meaning “the anointed one”; the word “Christ“ comes from the Greek word meaning the same thing. The accepted leader.

Question 9

Why did Christian Jews and Rabbinic Jews part ways? (3)

Answer 9

Christians presented Jesus as the fulfillment of God’s covenant with Israel. As a result, a conflict developed between Christian Jews and Rabbinic Jews (known at the time as Pharisees). Toward the end of the first century and the start of the second century, the two groups parted ways.

Question 10

What was Rabbinic Judaism?

Answer 10

The second movement, called Rabbinic (or Halakhic) Judaism, was begun by a group known as the Pharisees. With the Temple destroyed, the Pharisees found a new focus for Judaism in their sacred writings. They encouraged people to gather in synagogues or study houses to study the Torah—the “teaching” or guidance of God—found in their scriptures. The Pharisees used the scripture translated into Aramaic, the language most people spoke in Israel. Studying and interpreting Torah became an important way of helping Jewish people follow the laws of the covenant wherever they lived. The interpreters of the Torah were known as scribes or rabbis. That is why this movement came to be called Rabbinic Judaism.

Question 11

What happened in 135 CE?

Answer 11

In 135 CE, the Romans expelled the Jews from Judea, forcing them to take refuge in other countries. Most Jews ended up living in foreign countries, in what became known as the Diaspora (meaning “dispersion” or “scattering”). This scattering among nations and the constant desire to return to the land of Israel and to Jerusalem is a key aspect of the history of the Jews and their faith.

Question 12

Define Diaspora:

Answer 12

The scattering of Jews outside of Israel in both ancient and modern times.

Question 13

What two major groups were Jews divided into during the Diaspora?

Answer 13

In the Diaspora, Jews became divided into two major groups: the Ashkenazim, in Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe, and the Sephardim, around the Mediterranean basin

Question 14

What does Kabbalah teach?

Answer 14

The main Jewish mystical teachings are Kabbalah (twelfth century) and Hasidism (eighteenth century). The teaching of the Kabbalah is found in many texts. One text, called Zohar, is best described as a journey into the self of each individual. The true nature of God, according to Kabbalah, is indescribable, except by saying what God is not. This true essence of God is known as Ein Sof, which means “without end.” God has no boundaries in either time or space.

Question 15

How did the Enlightenment impact Judaism? (5)

Answer 15

The Enlightenment had an enormous impact on Judaism and Christianity. For one thing, as less emphasis was placed on religion, Jews in some parts of Europe became more accepted. At the same time, the Enlightenment caused divisions within Judaism. Ashkenazi Jews split into three different traditions: Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox.

Question 16

Covenant (4)

Answer 16

An agreement made between God and God’s chosen people
Abraham made the first covenant with God
Moses reaffirmed a covenant with God (aka= Sinai Covenant)
The ten commandments are the basis of the covenant

Question 17

Reasons the Covenant is important: (3)

Answer 17

It gave people a common purpose and bond
The Hebrews were God’s chosen people, were reaffirmed and reinforced
They were accepting a religion based on monotheism

Question 18

Four Covenants in the Torah:

Answer 18

1. God and Noah
2. God and Abraham
3. God and Moses
4. God and King David

Question 19

God and Noah

Answer 19

Although we do not know if this was an actual historical event, the story establishes that god formed a special covenant with Noah. This covenant requires that Noah recognize God as the one and only true God. In return, God would never again flood the Earth. (the flooding was a symbol for cleansing of sin that had spread)

Question 20

God and Abraham

Answer 20

God promised Abraham land and many children, in turn Abraham promises to worship ONLY God. (pg. 128-129)

Question 21

God and Moses

Answer 21

God promised All the Jews (Israelites) land, descendant, and in turn they promise to keep the ten commandments.

Question 22

God and King David

Answer 22

This covenant is not realized through Jesus, who descends from King David’s family line. It is said that God gave King David the role of leader because of his faithfulness.

Question 23

What does it mean to be Jewish?

Answer 23

A Jew is someone who identifies with…
The people with the old testament
Has a special relationship with other Jews and with God through a covenant
Values being faithful to the covenant and believe that God will also be faithful
Is chosen to reveal God to the world

Question 24

Jewish timeline

Answer 24

refer to docs

Question 25

History of Judaism 
The Crusades (c.1215 CE) 

First Crusade of 1096

Answer 25

Pope Urban II called for crusade against the Muslims in 1095. The stated goal of the Crusade was to recapture the Holy Land and to ensure safety for Christian pilgrims visiting sacred sites. Pilgrims were being invaded by the Seljuk Turks.
In 1097, the crusaders left Constantinople and marched towards Jerusalem, which fell in 1099. The goal of the Crusade had been achieved. In celebration, the crusaders ruthlessly slaughtered all of the Muslim inhabitants of the city. The Jewish community in Palestine was forced to surrender to the new ruler, or face execution.

Question 26

Devastation of the Jewish Rhineland

Answer 26

The events of 1096 temporarily stopped the intellectual and social activity of Ashkenazic (the 9a group of Jews who live in the Rhineland valley and in the neighboring France before the migration eastward to Slavic lands (e.g., Poland, Lithuania and Russia) after the Crusades (11th to 13th century) and their descendants)
Two groups formed, both of which harmed the Jews, itinerant preachers and bands of German peasants. Itinerant preachers were only interested in exploiting the Jew financially, demanding money for provisions. The peasant groups engaged in spontaneous violence against the Jews.
Jewish community in Speyer, Worms, Mainz were destroyed

Question 27

Jewish Travel to Palestine (second Crusade)

Answer 27

After the events in the Rhine in 1906, the Church realized the importance of the reining in the popular armies and protecting the Jews
During the Second Crusade, the preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux, the moving spirit behind the Crusade, condemned anti-Jewish preaching and actions. However, he argued that the Jews were living witnesses to what had happened to Jesus and that their dispersion throughout the world served as proof of their guilt and of Christian redemption (however his arguments were anti-Semitic)
The Jews of Europe were motivated by the journeys of Christians to the Holy Land, to make a greater number of pilgrimages themselves to Palestine
“The Aliyah of Three Hundred Rabbis” occurred in 1211. This emigration of several hundred rabbis from the Western Europe (mostly France and England) marks the beginning of an active period of Aliyah (immigration to the land of Israel) that continued through the 13th Century

Question 28

Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834)

Answer 28

During the reign of Henry III of Castile and Leon (1390-1406) Jews faced increased persecution and were pressured to convert to Christianity
The pogroms of 1391 were especially brutal, and the threat of violence hung over the Jewish community in Spain. Faced with the choice between baptism and death, the number of nominal coverts to the Christian faith soon became very great.
The first grand inquisitor in Spain was the Dominican Tomas de Torquemada; his name became synonymous with the brutality and torture.
Ferdinand and Isabella issued an edict on March 31, 1942, giving Spanish Jews the choice of exile or Baptism; as a result, more than 16,000 Jews were expelled from Spain

Question 29

Pogrom

Answer 29

• “ to wreck havoc”
  Pogrom is a Russian word meaning, “ to wreck havoc, to demolish violently.” Historically, the term refers to violent attacks by local Non-Jewish populations on Jews in the Russian Empire and in other countries.
  An organized massacre of a particular ethic group, in particular of Jewish people in Russia or Eastern Europe

Question 30

MONOTHEISM

Answer 30

The most basic belief of Judaism is Monotheism. A midrash, a Jewish legend, teaches that Abraham’s father was an idol-maker; and one day when Abraham was young, his father left him in charge of the store. Abraham took a wooden club and smashed every idol in the store except for the largest one, and placed the club in its hand. When his father returned and asked Abraham what had happened, Abraham told him that the idols got in a fight, and the largest one smashed all of the smaller ones! His father said, “Do you expect me to believe that an idol can do that? They are just wood and stone. Tell me what really happened!” Abraham responded, “If you really believe that idols are only stone and wood, why do you worship them?”

Question 31

CHOSEN PEOPLE

Answer 31

Another belief of Judaism is that the Jews are the “chosen people.” This does not mean that Jews believe they are better than other people or that people need to convert to Judaism in order to be loved by God. Rather, it means that God chose the Jewish people for the special responsibility of
receiving the Torah and observing all of its mitzvot (commandments) and passing the special ethical messages of the Torah to the rest of the world.

Question 32

MESSIAH

Answer 32

Both Judaism and Christianity believe in Messiah. The word Messiah is a Hebrew word which means anointed. In Biblical times the coronation of a new King involved in pouring a small amount of oil on his head, called, anointing. Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah (the name Christ comes from a Greek words meaning Messiah) and that he will return. Christians also believe that the Messiah is the son of God. Jews believe that the Messiah will be a human being, a descendant of King David, who will bring the world to a time of complete peace in which every person will recognize and worship one God. Some Jews also believe that the Messiah will gather all Jews to the land of Israel, the Temple will be rebuilt, and there will be resurrection of the dead.

Question 33

Abraham

Answer 33

Originally known as “Abram”, Abraham was entrusted with many of God’s covenants.
The first time God spoke to him he said; “I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be blameless. And I will make my covenant between me and you, and will make exceedingly numerous.”
God also said, “your wife Sarah shall bear you a son. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him…”
God, as well as Abraham, did as promised; the Lord gave sarah the gift of conceiving a child (Isaac) and Abraham continued to establish the covenant.

Question 34

Abraham continued…

Answer 34

Abraham is known as the founding father of the Jewish People. He was the first patriarch for the Israelites.
He rediscovered monotheism. He had a theory that the world was the work of one creator and shared his beliefs with others.
God called Abram to a new land, where God fathered his people. The new country was called “Canaan”
God tested Abram’s faith time and time again, before giving him a son, Issac.
To indicated his new calling, God changed his name to “Abraham”

Question 35

Isaac

Answer 35

Isaac was a miracle child born to Abraham and Sarah in their old age as the fulfillment of God’s promise to Abraham.
Isaac is the second of the three patriarchs of the Israelites.
Isaac was born in Canaan, and was the only patriarch who did not leave. He was also the only patriarch to not have his name changed.
Isaac was supposed to be sacrificed for God, by Abraham. But Abraham was stopped and he was told it was another test from God (known as the Binding of Abraham)

Question 36

Isaac Continued…

Answer 36

When Isaac was 40 years old, his father (Abraham) sent for a man to find Isaac a wife. The man chose Rebekah.
Isaac thought Rebekah was barren as they were not able to have a child. Isaac began to pray to God for her and they eventually conceived when Isaac was 60 years old.
Rebekah gave birth to twin boys - Jacob and Ishmael (Esau)
Jacob became the heir.

Question 37

Jacob

Answer 37

Jacob was one of Isaac and Rebekah’s sons. Jacob was the youngest of the twins
Isaac wanted to give his son Ishmael his birthright blessing.
Jacob deceived his father and brother and received the blessing instead. He tricked Ishmael into signing ove his birthright for food and then tricked Isaac into giving the blessing to him.
When Ishmael found out he was heartbroken and wanted to kill Jacob. He promised to kill him once their father had died.
Jacob fled, to avoid being killed, to a place called Haran.

Question 38

Jacob continued…

Answer 38

Jacob eventually married Rachel and Leah
He worked for 7 years to marry Rachel, but on the day of the wedding, Rachel and Leah’s father placed Leah under the veil as she was the older sister.
The next day when Jacob found out, he was upset. The father said he could marry Rachel too; if he worked another 7 years for him.
He worked a total of 14 years to marry Rachel.
They had 12 sons and 1 daughter
Jacob’s name was eventually changed to “Israel”
Father to Joseph

Question 39

Moses

Answer 39

Moses is a highly regarded figure in Jewish scripture.
He lived about 500 years after Abraham.
When Moses was alive the Jews were slaves in Egypt.
Moses became their leader.
Moses was approached by God at the “Burning Bush”, where the lord gave him a mission- he was to lead God’s people out of Egypt.
Moses showed the Pharaoh his powers with the ten plagues brought on by God.

Question 40

Moses continued…

Answer 40

Moses rescued the Jews from slavery in Egypt (These are the events remembered at Passover).
This escape is known as the “Exodus”
Moses crossed the Red Sea and the Ten Commandments were established.
The Ten Commandments were made to help the Jewish people with God’s law. To help them keep the covenant.
Moses took the Jews back to Canaan (The Promised Land)
Jews continued to live in this area for hundreds of years
For the most Part they were ruled by Kings.

Question 41

David (King)

Answer 41

When David was a boy, he was a shepherd.
He is known for killing the giant - Goliath.
He killed him with the stone and sling he used to protect the sheep.
When David grew up, he became King. Israel’s second King.
At the time the country was small, poor and poorly organized - King David changed all this.
David had a plan he wanted to build the first Temple of Judaism, but God refused his offer and in return made a promise/covenant with him; indicating that David’s son (Solomon)would build the temple.

Question 42

Solomon (King)

Answer 42

Solomon was King David’s son.
He was chosen King over all his older brothers. Solomon believed in wisdom and was known to be wise.
He was originally named Jedidiah, which means “Beloved of God” but God told David that his son’s name should be Solomon, which means “peaceful”
Solomon built the original temple in Jerusalem to provide a place for worship of God.
It soon became the spiritual centre for the Kingdom, however in 586 BCE it was destroyed by the Romans.