Test 2 Flashcards
Network.host.host.host Network.network.host.host Network.network.network.host Multicast Research
Class :
A B C D E
is the defacto protocol used within the Internet
The Internet Protocol (IP)
All other Internet layer protocols exist to serve:
IP
How many bytes does an IP address have?
20 bytes
24 bytes with options
IP packets have how many fields?
12
Internet protocol has used what version?
Version(4bits) Version number (0100 for IPv4)
IP header length is:
4 bits
Length of header in 42-bit words
IP total length:
16 bits
Length of packet (header and data) in bytes
How many bits it Time To Live?
8 bits
Essentially a hop count value. When value reaches zero, packet is discarded
Time To Live
How many bits are in protocol:
8 bits
Similar to DoD Host-To-Host layer’s port number.
This number represent the DoD Host-To-Host layer protocol to which this packet should be directed
Protocol
The portion of an IPv4 address that represents the network within which hosts reside.
Network IP Address
The IP address used by hosts to send a packet to all devices on a network
Broadcast IP Address
What address represents all networks. Also called a Layer 3 broadcast:
255.255.255.255
What’s the Broadcast IP Address for 192.168.24.0:
192.168.24.255
Also called Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
32 bit IPv4 addresses
Dotted Quad notation A.B.C.D , where A, , B C and D represent 8- bit binary numbers
Five classes of IPv4 addresses: A - E
Classfull IP Addressing Scheme
What is class A range for the 1st octet? Which ones are reserved?
1-126
Reserved: 0 and 127
What is class B range for the 1st octet?
128-191
What is class C range for the 1st octet?
192-223
Class A, B and C IP Addresses are referred to as:
Unicast IP Address
Unicast IP address a single IP address associated with a:
MAC address
What is class D range for the 1st octet?
224-239
A single host transmits packets with a _______ address
Multiple hosts can receive this packets as long as they want to accept packets with that specific _______ address
multicast
What is class E (reserved) range for the 1st octet?
240-255
Reserved IPv4 address.
Means “this network or segment”
address 0.0.0.0
Reserved IPv4 address.
Loop back address. Used for testing if network interface is active.
127.0.0.1-127.255.255.255
Reserved IPv4 Address.
Means “all networks”
255.255.255.255
You may use _______________ when the number of devices in your organization is larger than the number of IPv4 addresses assigned to your organization by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN )
private IPv4 addresses
Private Class A
10.0.0.0 -10.255.255.255
Private Class B
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Private Class C
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
is a unique local area network in which one or more computing devices reside.
Broadcast domain
is also known as a subnet, or subnetwork , or a network
broadcast domain
We know that we should create more broadcast domains by …
Activating the all of the ports on the routers within our internetwork
OR
Purchasing more routers for our internetwork
To create these “baskets” we must:
subnet blocks of IP addresses that have been assigned to our organization
Here a broadcast domain is the same as …
- Subnet
- Subnetwork
- Network
Each broadcast domain will be assigned the following IP addresses:
Network IP address
Broadcast IP address
Used to uniquely identify the broadcast domain
Network IP address
Used by any device that resides within the broadcast domains to broadcast IP packets to all devices that reside within the same broadcast domain .
Broadcast IP Address
Range of assignable IP addresses includes …
1st assignable IP address
Last assignable IP address
4 questions to answer when subnetting:
- How many broadcast domains do we require?
OR - How many devices reside within each broadcast domain?
- What subnet mask IP address will be assigned to all devices within a broadcast domain?
- What are the network address numbers for the octets in which you are subnetting?
- For each broadcast domain created, define the following
- Network IP address
- Broadcast IP address
- 1st assignable IP address
- Last assignable IP address
We can borrow zero, one, two, three, four, five, or six bits from the 4th octet to create:
broadcast domains
When creating broadcast domains we cannot borrow _____ bits, or _____ bits.
Seven
Eight
What’s the formula to determine broadcast domains we must borrow.
2^(Number of bits borrowed)
What subnet mask IP address will be assigned to all devices within a broadcast domain?
The default subnet mask IP address for class C IP networks is 255.255.255.0 Since we are not borrowing any bits from the 4th octet to create broadcast domains , the subnet mask IP address we will used is 255.255.255.0
What’s wrong if you were assigned a range of Class C IP addresses (i.e. an IP address block), then you would be able to create one (1) subnet (i.e. broadcast domain with 254 hosts residing within the subnet
You place al of your eggs (computing devices) in one basket, so to say
How do we create more subnets?
-That is, more broadcast domains?
Subnetting
represents the number of IP addresses within subnet
Block size
Why can’t we borrow 7 or 8 bits for the 4th octet?
After borrowing 7 bits to represent broadcast domains, one (1) bit remains to represent the IP addresses for computing devices that will reside in the 128 broadcast domains .
Would leave 2 IP addresses for 7
This leaves no remaining IP addresses to assign computing devices.
Why is Creating one broadcast domain with 65, 534 hosts, though possible, not particularly desirable !
Many eggs (computing devices) in one basket! If one computing device’s NIC fails and created a broadcast storm, then the entire network is unusable.
