Test 2 Flashcards by Madi Hendrix

Network.host.host.host
Network.network.host.host
Network.network.network.host
Multicast
Research

Class :

A
B
C
D
E

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is the defacto protocol used within the Internet

The Internet Protocol (IP)

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All other Internet layer protocols exist to serve:

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How many bytes does an IP address have?

20 bytes

24 bytes with options

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IP packets have how many fields?

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Internet protocol has used what version?

Version(4bits)
Version number (0100 for IPv4)

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IP header length is:

4 bits

Length of header in 42-bit words

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IP total length:

16 bits

Length of packet (header and data) in bytes

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How many bits it Time To Live?

8 bits

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Essentially a hop count value. When value reaches zero, packet is discarded

Time To Live

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How many bits are in protocol:

8 bits

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Similar to DoD Host-To-Host layer’s port number.

This number represent the DoD Host-To-Host layer protocol to which this packet should be directed

Protocol

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The portion of an IPv4 address that represents the network within which hosts reside.

Network IP Address

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The IP address used by hosts to send a packet to all devices on a network

Broadcast IP Address

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What address represents all networks. Also called a Layer 3 broadcast:

255.255.255.255

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What’s the Broadcast IP Address for 192.168.24.0:

192.168.24.255

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Also called Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
32 bit IPv4 addresses
Dotted Quad notation A.B.C.D , where A, , B C and D represent 8- bit binary numbers
Five classes of IPv4 addresses: A - E

Classfull IP Addressing Scheme

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What is class A range for the 1st octet?
Which ones are reserved?

1-126

Reserved: 0 and 127

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What is class B range for the 1st octet?

128-191

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What is class C range for the 1st octet?

192-223

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Class A, B and C IP Addresses are referred to as:

Unicast IP Address

Unicast IP address a single IP address associated with a:

MAC address

What is class D range for the 1st octet?

224-239

A single host transmits packets with a _______ address

Multiple hosts can receive this packets as long as they want to accept packets with that specific _______ address

multicast

What is class E (reserved) range for the 1st octet?

240-255

Reserved IPv4 address. | Means “this network or segment”

address 0.0.0.0

Reserved IPv4 address. | Loop back address. Used for testing if network interface is active.

127.0.0.1-127.255.255.255

Reserved IPv4 Address. | Means “all networks”

255.255.255.255

You may use _______________ when the number of devices in your organization is larger than the number of IPv4 addresses assigned to your organization by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN )

private IPv4 addresses

Private Class A

10.0.0.0 -10.255.255.255

Private Class B

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Private Class C

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

is a unique local area network in which one or more computing devices reside.

Broadcast domain

is also known as a subnet, or subnetwork , or a network

broadcast domain

We know that we should create more broadcast domains by ...

Activating the all of the ports on the routers within our internetwork OR Purchasing more routers for our internetwork

To create these "baskets” we must:

subnet blocks of IP addresses that have been assigned to our organization

Here a broadcast domain is the same as ...

- Subnet - Subnetwork - Network

Each broadcast domain will be assigned the following IP addresses:

Network IP address | Broadcast IP address

Used to uniquely identify the broadcast domain

Network IP address

Used by any device that resides within the broadcast domains to broadcast IP packets to all devices that reside within the same broadcast domain .

Broadcast IP Address

Range of assignable IP addresses includes …

1st assignable IP address | Last assignable IP address

4 questions to answer when subnetting:

1. How many broadcast domains do we require? OR 1. How many devices reside within each broadcast domain? 2. What subnet mask IP address will be assigned to all devices within a broadcast domain? 3. What are the network address numbers for the octets in which you are subnetting? 4. For each broadcast domain created, define the following - Network IP address - Broadcast IP address - 1st assignable IP address - Last assignable IP address

We can borrow zero, one, two, three, four, five, or six bits from the 4th octet to create:

broadcast domains

When creating broadcast domains we cannot borrow _____ bits, or _____ bits.

Seven | Eight

What’s the formula to determine broadcast domains we must borrow.

2^(Number of bits borrowed)

What subnet mask IP address will be assigned to all devices within a broadcast domain?

The default subnet mask IP address for class C IP networks is 255.255.255.0 Since we are not borrowing any bits from the 4th octet to create broadcast domains , the subnet mask IP address we will used is 255.255.255.0

What’s wrong if you were assigned a range of Class C IP addresses (i.e. an IP address block), then you would be able to create one (1) subnet (i.e. broadcast domain with 254 hosts residing within the subnet

You place al of your eggs (computing devices) in one basket, so to say

How do we create more subnets? | -That is, more broadcast domains?

Subnetting

represents the number of IP addresses within subnet

Block size

Why can’t we borrow 7 or 8 bits for the 4th octet?

After borrowing 7 bits to represent broadcast domains, one (1) bit remains to represent the IP addresses for computing devices that will reside in the 128 broadcast domains . Would leave 2 IP addresses for 7 This leaves no remaining IP addresses to assign computing devices.

Why is Creating one broadcast domain with 65, 534 hosts, though possible, not particularly desirable !

Many eggs (computing devices) in one basket! If one computing device's NIC fails and created a broadcast storm, then the entire network is unusable.