Test 2 Flashcards
1-3 days after a saturating rain
Field capacity
Accumulation of nutrients in water stimulates the excess production of algae eventually reducing oxygen content of the water and killing fish
Eutrophication
Land capability classification
Classification of land according to position in the landscape and uses of that land
Allophane clay
A type of clay that results from volcanic ash that is not made from silicon
Gravimetric measurement
Direct measurement of the amount of water in a given mass of soil
Tensiometer
Measures the tenacity with which water is held in the soil
Permanent wilt
Water content of the soil at which plants do not recover
Eh
A unit of measurement of the Redox potential
Type of clay that is used to bind mycotoxins in feed
Aluminosilicate clay
Available water capacity
Field capacity-permanent wilt point =
Hygroscopic water is…
Held tightly in small pores
Plant available water
Capillary water
Gravitational water
Fills large pores when saturated, drains away quickly
Nutrient management
Balancing nutrient inputs and outputs on a farm
BMP
A classification utilized by landowners in order to help them determine if their land is good for cropping in order to reduce their environmental impact
The evapotransoiration from a pine forest was found to be 50cm during a growing season. If the evaporation from the soil surface during this period of time was 5 cm, what is the level of loss from leaf surfaces?
45 cm
Plant transpiration efficiency at a given location is markedly influenced by…
Fertilization practices used and the plant species being grown
Do rocks store water?
No
What is an example of cohesion?
Surface tension
The likelihood of polluting groundwater with pesticides and plant nutrients is enhanced by…
The presence of macro pores in the soil
A situation that increases evapotranspiration is…
Wind
A factor favoring surface runoff is
Steep field slopes
More capillary action will occur in a ____ soil
Clay
What are the fates of precipitation
Run off, intercepted by plants, infiltrated into soil
The number of acres in a section of land
640
The strong attraction between soil particles and water particles is known as
Adhesion
The attraction of water molecules for each other is known as
Cohesion
As soil dries out, plants begin to show the effects of reduced moisture by,…
Wilting
Cultivation is initially ……. for soil aeration but in the long run is …….. for soil structure
Good, bad
Water is a ______ molecule
Polar
A term that describes water entering the soil profile from the surface is
Infiltration
Bulk density measurements include the following
Sand, silt, clay, pore space
What would be a good use for kaolinite?
Pottery or China/ paper manufacturers
What would be a good use for smectite?
Talc
What would be a good use for bentonite?
Line a pond bank
What would be a good use for vermiculite?
Potting soil
What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…
Blue baby syndrome
Nitrate-N
What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…
Eutrophication
Phosphorous
What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…
Fish kills
Ammonium
What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…
Human health risks
Pathogens
What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…
Reduced oxygen, clogging fish gills
Organic matter
Name three soil features that may limit the use of the site for septic tank drainage fields
- Fragipan
- Seepage
- Flooding capacity
What are the 3 main components that define a wetland
- Hydric/anaerobic soil
- microorganisms tolerant to anaerobic soil
- Plants and marsh plants tolerant to wetland hydrology
Inputs on a farm (3)
Feed, water, fertilizer
Exports on a farm (3)
Manure, milk, meat
