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Soil Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Avalanches are made up of this coarse rock fragment

A

Colluvium

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2
Q

Stream deposits found at the base of a mountain

A

Alluvial fans

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3
Q

Sediment carried and deposited by flood water

A

Floodplain deposits

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4
Q

Wind blown Allophone clay deposits

A

Volcanic ash

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5
Q

Wind blown material made of silt, fine sand and coarse clay

A

Loess

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6
Q

Soil formed in place

A

Residual

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7
Q

Materials deposited directly by ice

A

Glacial till

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8
Q

Lucustrine deposits

A

Soils that were deposited and developed as glacial lakes dried up

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9
Q

Peat

A

Accumulations of organic material usually building up in anaerobic conditions…(wet)

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10
Q

6 main roles of soil in an ecosystem

A
  1. Gas exchange
  2. Plant medium
  3. Construction surface
  4. O.M. Recycling
  5. Houses living organisms
  6. Water filtration
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11
Q

What is the broadest category in the soil taxonomy hierarchy

A

Order

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12
Q

What is the most specific category in the soil taxonomy hierarchy

A

Series

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13
Q

What are 4 practices that farmers are using to improve soil health

A
  1. Cover cropping
  2. Conservation tillage
  3. Introducing O.M.
  4. Diversity through crop rotation
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14
Q

God calls us to be good ________ of the land

A

Stewards

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15
Q

A densely compact layer of materials found in the subsoil

A

Fragipan

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16
Q

The most productive and highly fertile of all the soil orders

A

Mollisols

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17
Q

What do mottles indicate in a soil?

A

Poor drainage

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18
Q

The ease with which the soil is tilled

A

Tilth

19
Q

The unsaturated zone in the soil is termed as the _______ zone, it lies between the earths surface and the water table

A

Vadose

20
Q

The relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in a soil is called soil ________.

A

Texture

21
Q

A clump of soil is called a _____ or __________.

A

Ped or aggregate

22
Q

The type of soil texture in which the properties of the soil separates are exhibited equally

A

Loam

23
Q

Two colloidal components in soil are _____ and ______

A

O.M. And clay

24
Q

The soil property that is most easily changed is

A

Structure

25
Q

The component of soil that most affects topsoil fertility, water infiltration, tilth and nutrient holding capacity is

A

O.M.

26
Q

The layers of contrasting material found when one digs a hole in the soil are called

A

Horizons

27
Q

A soil profile consists of

A

The set of layers seen in a vertical cross-section of soil

28
Q

Compared to silt, clay sized soil particles are characterized by

A

Greater attraction for water, greater capacity to hold plant nutrients

29
Q

Increasing the organic matter content of the soil is likely to

A

Increase the soil’s water Holding capacity

30
Q

In a given soil the Ap horizon tells us that

A

This is a soil that doesn’t have an O horizon, this is the soil that has been tilled at one time

31
Q

Information about conditions at 2 to 4 m deep in a soil is most helpful for understanding

A

How to best design a building foundation

32
Q

Igneous rocks can best be characterized as

A

Rocks formed when molten magma solidifies

33
Q

Mechanical weathering processes result in

A

The disintegration of rocks due to differential expansion of minerals

34
Q

Which of the following is not considered one of the five major factors influencing soil formation….

Native parent materials, living organisms, climate, native plant growth, topography

A

Native plant growth

35
Q

The map units on a detailed soil map in a county soil survey report are most likely to be labeled with names from which category of soil taxonomy

A

Series

36
Q

A sticky, putty like feel indicates a high percentage of which soil separate

A

Clay

37
Q

Which type of soil structure is typically found in surface soil (A horizons)?

A

Granular

38
Q

A soil order that is formed under Arid conditions is a

A

Aridisol

39
Q

Young soil developed in cold temperatures and frozen conditions with slow formation, with a permafrost layer

A

Gelisol

40
Q

In which of the following epipedons is the organic matter level generally highest?

Mollic, Umbric, histic, ochric, melanic

A

Mollic

41
Q

The three soil orders found in Missouri are:

A

Mollisol, ultisol, alfisol

42
Q

What would you, as a home gardener, considere the three best things you could do with regard to managing the soil structure in your home garden?

A

Organic matter, no till, cover cropping

43
Q

In the five factors affecting soil formation

A

Time, typography, parent material, living organisms, climate

Soil Science (5 decks)

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