Test 1 Flashcards
Avalanches are made up of this coarse rock fragment
Colluvium
Stream deposits found at the base of a mountain
Alluvial fans
Sediment carried and deposited by flood water
Floodplain deposits
Wind blown Allophone clay deposits
Volcanic ash
Wind blown material made of silt, fine sand and coarse clay
Loess
Soil formed in place
Residual
Materials deposited directly by ice
Glacial till
Lucustrine deposits
Soils that were deposited and developed as glacial lakes dried up
Peat
Accumulations of organic material usually building up in anaerobic conditions…(wet)
6 main roles of soil in an ecosystem
- Gas exchange
- Plant medium
- Construction surface
- O.M. Recycling
- Houses living organisms
- Water filtration
What is the broadest category in the soil taxonomy hierarchy
Order
What is the most specific category in the soil taxonomy hierarchy
Series
What are 4 practices that farmers are using to improve soil health
- Cover cropping
- Conservation tillage
- Introducing O.M.
- Diversity through crop rotation
God calls us to be good ________ of the land
Stewards
A densely compact layer of materials found in the subsoil
Fragipan
The most productive and highly fertile of all the soil orders
Mollisols
What do mottles indicate in a soil?
Poor drainage
The ease with which the soil is tilled
Tilth
The unsaturated zone in the soil is termed as the _______ zone, it lies between the earths surface and the water table
Vadose
The relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in a soil is called soil ________.
Texture
A clump of soil is called a _____ or __________.
Ped or aggregate
The type of soil texture in which the properties of the soil separates are exhibited equally
Loam
Two colloidal components in soil are _____ and ______
O.M. And clay
The soil property that is most easily changed is
Structure
The component of soil that most affects topsoil fertility, water infiltration, tilth and nutrient holding capacity is
O.M.
The layers of contrasting material found when one digs a hole in the soil are called
Horizons
A soil profile consists of
The set of layers seen in a vertical cross-section of soil
Compared to silt, clay sized soil particles are characterized by
Greater attraction for water, greater capacity to hold plant nutrients
Increasing the organic matter content of the soil is likely to
Increase the soil’s water Holding capacity
In a given soil the Ap horizon tells us that
This is a soil that doesn’t have an O horizon, this is the soil that has been tilled at one time
Information about conditions at 2 to 4 m deep in a soil is most helpful for understanding
How to best design a building foundation
Igneous rocks can best be characterized as
Rocks formed when molten magma solidifies
Mechanical weathering processes result in
The disintegration of rocks due to differential expansion of minerals
Which of the following is not considered one of the five major factors influencing soil formation….
Native parent materials, living organisms, climate, native plant growth, topography
Native plant growth
The map units on a detailed soil map in a county soil survey report are most likely to be labeled with names from which category of soil taxonomy
Series
A sticky, putty like feel indicates a high percentage of which soil separate
Clay
Which type of soil structure is typically found in surface soil (A horizons)?
Granular
A soil order that is formed under Arid conditions is a
Aridisol
Young soil developed in cold temperatures and frozen conditions with slow formation, with a permafrost layer
Gelisol
In which of the following epipedons is the organic matter level generally highest?
Mollic, Umbric, histic, ochric, melanic
Mollic
The three soil orders found in Missouri are:
Mollisol, ultisol, alfisol
What would you, as a home gardener, considere the three best things you could do with regard to managing the soil structure in your home garden?
Organic matter, no till, cover cropping
In the five factors affecting soil formation
Time, typography, parent material, living organisms, climate
