Test

Question 1

Material deprivation - diet and health

Answer 1

Howard: poor families have worse diets

Question 2

Material deprivation - access to recourses

Answer 2

Douglas: middle class students have better to access to things at home

Question 3

Material deprivation - financial stress

Answer 3

Ridge: students take on part time jobs

Question 4

Cultural deprivation - parent’s attitude

Answer 4

Feinstein: parents own achievement effect child’s results.
Ignores parent diversity.
Recent
Mortimore argues that it’s not the parents fault

Question 5

Cultural deprevation - working class cultural

Answer 5

Sugarman: different values and attitudes of the class. Middle class = future orientation and deferred gratification. Working class = present time orientation and immediate gratification.
Unfairly blames working class students.

Question 6

Cultural deprivation- speech codes

Answer 6

Bernstein

Question 7

Cultural capital - reproducing class inequality

Answer 7

Bourdieu: Marxist approach. Vagueness towards cultural capital. Putnam social capital

Question 8

Labelling theory - ideal pupil

Answer 8

Becker: 60 teachers judge students based on how close they are to ideal middle class students were closer to being ideal so lower class students were no hoppers.
Super disciplined and small sample

Question 9

Self fulfilling prophecy - pygmalion in the classroom

Answer 9

Rosenthal and Jacobson: the teacher were told kids were sputters, so teachers taught students better and they got much better at school because they believed they were better. Ethical concerns

Question 10

Setting and streaming - streaming

Answer 10

Douglas: children placed in lower streams in school suffer academically. Streaming widens the gap

Question 11

Setting and streaming - unequal access to knowledge

Answer 11

keddie: streaming creates unequal distribution, teachers are more likely too teacher higher sets better.

Question 12

Subcultures - delinquent subcultures

Answer 12

Hargreaves: conformist subcultures, boys who worked hard.
Delinquent subcultures, boys who rejected school values.
Labelling and streaming creates subcultures

Question 13

Subculture - polarisation and differentiation

Answer 13

Lacey: differentiation, teachers categorising pupils based on their behaviour and ability.
Polarisation, pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of the two poles.

Question 14

Anti school subcultures - working class kids get working class jobs

Answer 14

Willis: studied the ‘Lads’, interviewed and observed the boys anti school subcultures.
Rejection of school values, resisted school authorities, traditional working class masculinity, see through the smokescreen of meritocracy

Question 15

Social identity - symbolic capital and symbolic violence

Answer 15

Archer: Nike identities, constructing self worth, peer group influence, hyper heterosexual feminine style, conflict with school.

Question 16

Working class identities - grammar vs secondary

Answer 16

Ingram: working class boys who attended grammar school. Working class were deeply tied to local communities, boys experienced conflict between habitus