Test 10: Chlinergics / Anticholinergics

Question 1

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 1

• Located in most internal organs including the cardiovascular, respiratory, GI and GU systems.
• Muscarinic drugs have no effect on somatic sites
• When activated by ACH, the target cells can be either excited or inhibited.

Question 2

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 2

• Located in nerves and skeletal muscle
• When activated by ACH, the targeted muscle cells contract
• Useful in treating MG

Question 3

Alzheimer’s

Answer 3

• Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
• May take up to 6 weeks for therap. effects
• Act by intensifying the effect of ACH at the cholinergic receptor
• only effective if there are functioning neurons present.
• Tx: Aricept, Exelon, Cognex, Razadyne

Question 4

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 4

• Autoimmune disease
• Ophthalmic symptoms
• Muscular symptoms
• Tx: reversible indirect-acting cholinergics & Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
• Prostigmin & Tensilon

Question 5

Glaucoma

Answer 5

• pilocarpine eye drops
• contract the cillary muscle of the eye which allows for terbecular network drainage
• pupil reduction = miotic
• s.e. dim vision, nasal cong, diaphoresis, increased salivation, GI problems

Question 6

Mydriasis

Answer 6

Pronounced or abnormal dilation of the pupil.

Question 7

Paralytic ileus

Answer 7

Paralysis of the intestinal smooth muscles with distention of the abdomen, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, and inability to pass stool or gas.

It may occur after abdominal surgery, during an episode of peritonitis, or after the administration of some drugs (e.g., narcotics).

Question 8

Extrapyramidal

Answer 8

Outside the pyramidal tracts of the central nervous system.

Question 9

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

Some effects of parasympathetic stimulation are constriction of the pupil, contraction of the smooth muscle of the alimentary canal, constriction of the bronchioles, slowing of the heart rate, and increased secretion of the digestive glands.

Question 10

cholinergics

Answer 10

• Stimulate the PNS in the same manner as acetylcholine
• Work on neuromuscular function, brain function, eye function, gastric function, urinary function
• Cholinergic transmitter = Acetylcholine

Question 11

anticholinergics

Answer 11

The side effects, which include dry mouth and blurred vision, are seen in phenothiazine and tricyclic antidepressant drug therapy.

1. Impeding the impulses of cholinergic, esp. parasympathetic, nerve fibers.
2. An agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses.

Question 12

acetylcholine

Answer 12

Abbreviation: ACh

An ester of choline that is the neurotransmitter at somatic neuromuscular junctions, the entire parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic preganglionic fibers (cholinergic fibers), and at some synapses in the central nervous system.

It is inactivated by the enzyme cholinesterase.

Question 13

acetylcholinesterase

Answer 13

Abbreviation: AChE

An enzyme that stops the action of acetylcholine.

It is present in various body tissues, including muscles, nerve cells, and red blood cells.

Question 14

direct acting

Answer 14

• Act directly on the cholinergic receptor sites

- Ex: used topically to constrict pupils (miosis) and promote drainage of aqueous humor in treatment of glaucoma.

Question 15

indirect acting

Answer 15

-inhibit the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase allowing more available acetylcholine to attach to the receptor

Question 16

reversible

Answer 16

• Inhibits acetylcholinesterase for a moderate duration of time but then effects are gone
• Used with (Alzheimer’s & MG)

Question 17

irreversible

Answer 17

• Produces prolonged toxic effect

- Ex: insecticides and nerve gas

Question 18

antidote

Answer 18

A substance that neutralizes poisons or their effects.