Test 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Autotroph
Require carbon dioxide for a carbon source
Heterotroph
Require organic compounds for a carbon source
Chemotroph
Require energy from chemicals
Phototroph
Require energy from like
Obligate aerobe
Require oxygen to survive
Obligate anaerobe
Are killed by oxygen
Facultative anaerobe
Grow better with oxygen but can survive without it
Aerotolerant anaerobe
Unaffected by oxygen
Halophile
Live in salty environment
Psychrophile
Able to grow in low tempertures
Mesophile
Grow best in moderate temperatures
Thermophile
Grow best in hot temperatures
Hyperthermophile
Grow best in extremely hot temperatures
What are the requirements of life?
Reproduce, growth, responsiveness, metabolism, and cellular structure.
What are the basic cellular structures of a bacteria and what do they do?
Bacterial cell wall, flagellum, pili, Fimbriae, cytoplasmic membrane, endospore, and ribosomes.
Bacterial Cell wall
Protect bacterium from outside threats, provides shape and support
Fimbriae
Ability to move and attach to objects
Cytoplasmic membrane
Things in and out
Endosportes
Defense strategy, help resist extreme temperatures and environments
What is peptidoglycan? what’s its structure? what links the glycan chains together
Peptidoglycan is a mesh-like polymer of long polysaccharide chains connected by peptides. It’s made of two alternating sugars called NAG and NAM (N-acetylglucomannan and N-acetylmuramic acid). They are connected via amino acids.
What is plasmid
It is a small molecule of DNA independent from chromosomes.
What is biofilm? Why is it beneficial?
Biofilm is microbes that attach to things in complex communities. This provide a protection for the bacteria, along with allowing them to produce a protective layer.
What are the three ways of uptake of dna by bacteria?
Transformation, transduction, conjugation
