Test 1 Vocab

Question 1

fieldwork

Answer 1

period of research that inserts the anthropologist into the group of people / culture they are interested in

Question 2

ethnography

Answer 2

doing and analyzing fieldwork (book, essay, dissertation, film, etc)

Question 3

informants

Answer 3

participants, people anthropologists work with

Question 4

agency

Answer 4

to have power over ones destiny (established by social institutions)

Question 5

diasporic

Answer 5

spread across the world

Question 6

foodways

Answer 6

a cultures relationship with food

Question 7

subsistence

Answer 7

food-getting strategies

Question 8

biocultural

Answer 8

connection between culture and biological

Question 9

What are the four academic fields of anthropology?

Answer 9

cultural, linguistic, archaeology, biological

Question 10

What is the focus of cultural anthropology?

Answer 10

to understand the relationship between humans (feelings, beliefs, behaviors, products of human societies)

Question 11

Why are issues of food and sustainability important in cultural anthropology?

Answer 11

Because anthropology in holistic, food can tell us about other aspects of their cultural

Question 12

How does the history of anthropological thought show larger changes in how people think about culture?

Answer 12

Anthropology’s history is full of colonialism and prejudice. It taught a hierarchy and separation of people. Today, anthropology is teaching a blank-slate starting point

Question 13

What are some of the criticisms of anthropology by African American and Indigenous scholars?

Answer 13

Anthropologists would focus on other cultures while simultaneously discriminating against them

Question 14

Habitus

Answer 14

knowledge that is absorbed, not taught (learn by habit). a set of norms unconsciously acquired by individuals

Question 15

orientalism

Answer 15

European political ideology that subjugate and control what they called the Orient. Distinctions of “East” and “West”, so west could control the East

Question 16

ethnographic research

Answer 16

the process of studying culture

Question 17

emic

Answer 17

cultural insider

Question 18

etic

Answer 18

outside observer

Question 19

cognition

Answer 19

the ways we process information (what we think), how we evaluate the world and the role of language

Question 20

symbol

Answer 20

something that stands for something else, arbitrary

Question 21

homogeneous

Answer 21

a group that shares few identity markers

Question 22

heterogeneous

Answer 22

a group that shares few identity markers

Question 23

enculturation

Answer 23

the sharing and learning of culture

Question 24

ethnocentrism

Answer 24

the belief that one’s own culture is normal, while others are wrong

Question 25

cultural relativism

Answer 25

idea that all cultures are equal and should be understood in their own context and without judgement

Question 26

biological adaptations

Answer 26

an organism adapts to their surroundings for a better chance for survival

Question 27

cultural adaptations

Answer 27

people changing culture to better suceed in their surroundings

Question 28

maladaptive

Answer 28

behavior that decrease the ability for a culture to survive long term

Question 29

dependance training

Answer 29

raising a child that promotes the family

Question 30

independent training

Answer 30

raising a child to promote self-reliance

Question 31

holistic

Answer 31

all aspects of culture are interrelated, and you have to look at the culture as a whole

Question 32

inner layers of reality

Answer 32

practices are guided by assumptions, myths, schemes, that people are only dimly aware of

Question 33

participant observation

Answer 33

a prosses in which a researcher lives with a people and observes their regular activities

Question 34

ideal behavior

Answer 34

the way people think they should behave

Question 35

real behavior

Answer 35

the way people actually behave, not how they think they should

Question 36

informants

Answer 36

(associates, study participants) trusted members of a community the ethnographer talk to

Question 37

applied anthropology

Answer 37

anthropological methods applied to solve human problems

Question 38

praxis

Answer 38

the use of ethnographic knowledge as power