Test 1 - Swine Flashcards
Yorkshire pig?
- North England
- White, erect ears
- Large strong litters, milking ability, maternal instincts
- Aggressive breeders
- Lean, well muscled carcass
Landrace pig?
- Denmark
- White, floppy ears, longer snout
- Large heavy litters, milking ability, maternal instincts
- Aggressive breeders
- Lean, well muscled carcass
Duroc pig?
- USA
- Solid red
- Meat-type pig, heavy carcass muscling
- Good growth rate and feed efficiency
Hampshire pig?
- USA
- Black, white belt
- Meat-type pig, heavy carcass muscling
Pietrain pig?
- Belgium
- Large amount of lean meat
- White, black/grey spots
What level of heritability does carcass traits have?
High heritability, 50-60%
What level of heritability does production traits have?
Medium heritability, 30%
What level of heritability does reproductive traits have?
Low heritability, 5-10%
What does hybrid vigour (heterosis) mean?
A genetic phenomenon responsible for superior vigour, growth, and thrift often seen in crossbreed animals.
When is teeth clipping done?
Within 2-3 days of age, after 6 hours of age and colostrum is had, usually done between 24-48 hrs
When is tail docking done?
Within 2-3 days of age, usually within 24-48 hrs
What is mandatory when performing tail docking?
Analgesia, a drug for pain management
When is iron supplementation given?
Within 2-3 days of age - 1mL IM into the neck muscles, 100mg/piglet - sometimes repeated at 7-10 days of age
When is identification done?
Before weaning, typically 3-5 days of age
What are the 3 systems of identification?
- Ear tags/implants/transponders
- Ear notching
- Tattoos
When must ear notching be completed, according to the Swine Code of Practice (2014)?
Must be completed by 14 days of age
When should pigs be castrated by?
Within 7-10 days of age
What should pigs be given when being castrated?
An anesthetic along with an analgesic if 10 days or older
What is an inguinal (scrotal) hernia?
When loops of the intestines break through the abdomen through inguinal rings and canal into the scrotum
What is cryptorchid (ridgling)?
One or both testicles fail to descend
What is hermaphrodite?
Both male and female sexual characterisitcs
When does a gilt reach puberty?
200 days (4.5-6 months), 250 lb. (114kg) in most breeds
When does a boar reach puberty?
5-7 months
What does “double mating” do?
Increases conception rate (90%+)
What are sows when it comes to the estrous cycle?
Non-seasonal polyestrous
How long is the estrous cycle?
~21 days in duration
How long does estrous last for?
An average of 2-3 days (40-60 hours)
When does ovulation usually occur?
On the second day of estrous
True or false; pigs ovulate from both ovaries simultaneously?
True
When should a sow and a gilt be bred?
24 hrs after the onset of estrus, and again 24 hrs later - double mating.
Gilt should be bred 12 hrs, then again 12 hrs later
When does estrus cycle resume after weaning?
3-7 days
