Test 1 - Beef Flashcards
What is A.D.G?
Average Daily Gain = daily live weight increases in growing animals. Expressed in Kg. or lbs./day
What is balanced ration?
24-hr feed allowance
What does calf crop percentage mean?
The percentage of how many cows are bred that wean a calf
What is feed conversion?
The amount of feed required to achieve one unit of gain
What is maternal effect?
The effect that the dam has on the weaning weight of the calf, depends on milk quality and quantity
What does it mean if a cow is open?
Not pregnant
What does polled mean?
Born without horn, genetic bassi
What is shrink?
The loss in body weight when cattle are moved to slaughter (transportation stress, lack of water)
What is tag?
The amount of manure caked around the rump and sides of the animal, packing industry problem when using hides
What is veal, and white veal?
Meat from a calf, white veal is deficient in hemoglobin
What is yield or dressing percentage?
What is left of the carcass after slaughter following the removal of the hide, SQ fat, and organs. Carcass yield is 55-60% of live weight
Angus cow?
- Scotland
- Black or red
- Usually polled
- Good mothers, excellent carcass quality
Charolais cow?
- France
- Large, heavy
- White to cream
- Horned or polled
- Slower to finish
- Hardy, rapid growth w/ good muscling
- More difficult calving
Hereford cow?
- England
- Reddish brown with white parts
- Hardy, docile, easy
- Finish carcass faster
- easy calving
Limousin cow?
- France
- Female: golden wheat, male: red/gold
- Calve easily, good mother
- Noted for carcass quality
Simmental cow?
- Switzerland
- Light tan - dark red with white parts
- Large size, muscling
- Rapid growth rate
- Wean heavier calves
When will conception rate be higher in cows?
60 days post calving
What is the gestation period in cattle?
~282 days
What generally occurs during the first stage of labour?
Active contractions of the uterus, expulsion and rupture of water bag, fetus moves into birth canal, appearance of calf signals end of this stage
What generally occurs during the second stage of labour?
Cow will usually lie in lateral, more severe contractions, calf will deliver
What generally occurs during the third stage of labour?
Expulsion of fetal membranes, placenta should be expelled within 12-24 hrs
Three common methods of correcting bovine dystocia?
- Manual assistance
- Caesarean section
- Fetotomy
