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Chemistry 101 > Test 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Test 1 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

How are significant figures determined with addition and subtraction?

A

Sig fig determined by measurement with the fewest decimals!

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2
Q

How are sig figs determined with multiplication/division?

A

Sig fig determined by the measurement with the fewest digits!

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3
Q

define matter

A

matter = mass + occupied space

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4
Q

define mass

A

the amount of matter that is present in an object- this will always be the same whether you are on the moon, or earth, or any other planet. This is the big number on the periodic table of elements.

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5
Q

volume

A

the amount of space that a given object takes up.

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6
Q

what are the three states of matter?

A

Liquid, solid, gass

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7
Q

Weight

A

a measure of the gravitational pull on an object.

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8
Q

Define state

A

the physical form

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9
Q

composition

A

the basic components that make up an anything

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10
Q

solid

A

fixed volume and rigid shape- particles packed tightly together, expands only slightly when heated

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11
Q

liquid

A

fixed volume, but no rigid shape. These assume the shape of their container. Particles packed tightly together. Almost incompressible- tends to expand when heated.

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12
Q

gas

A

gas is compressible, so it doesn’t have a fixed volume and does not have a rigid shape. Takes shape and form of container. Particles are spaced far apart. Expands without limit to fill any space. Gases are easily compressed.

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13
Q

element

A

a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances- atom at its smallest point- still the same element.
I.E. Helium or gold

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14
Q

molecules

A

group of atoms stuck together, usually through chemical bonds.

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15
Q

compounds

A

two or more elements in a fixed and definite proportion.

I.E. Water, helium- only separated by chemical process

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16
Q

What are some physical properties?

A

color, solubility, odor, hardness, magnetism, conductivity, density, boiling point, melting point, ductility, malleability

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17
Q

define density

A

Density=mass/volume

18
Q

mixture

A

a combination of multiple pure substances- can have a variable composition- can be separated by physical process

19
Q

methods of separating a mixture

A

distillation, centrifugation, decantation, filtration, evaporation

20
Q

What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?

A

Physical changes- water boiling, or being filtered.
Chemical changes- electrolysis- breaking down a pure substance (like water) into simpler elements.- change in physical properties- often evidenced by a change in physical characteristics

21
Q

homoatomic

A

same type of atoms

22
Q

heteroatomic

A

different types of atoms

23
Q

monoatomic

A

only one atom

24
Q

polyatmic

A

more than one atom

25
Q

homo

A

same as

26
Q

hetero

A

different

27
Q

mono

A

one

28
Q

poly

A

many/more than

29
Q

vapor

A

the gaseous stated of a substance that is generally a liquid or a solid at room temperature. Expansionists easily when heated. Readily compressible.

30
Q

solution

A

two or more solvents completely dissolved in each other

31
Q

mixture

A

two or more substances mixed together and show signs of becoming a solution

32
Q

homogenous solutions

A

particles in a solution not distinguishable from each other- i.e. milk, cool-aid

33
Q

heterogenous

A

particles are able to be seen and separated- i.e. wet concrete, chunky peanut butter, salad

34
Q

what is absolute zero?

A

0 kelvin

35
Q

when does helium liquify?

A

3 kelvin

36
Q

homogenous mixtures

A

can have multiple substances, but you can’t pick apart the components.

37
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid i.e. frost

38
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas i.e. iodine

39
Q

groups

A

similar characteristics

40
Q

periods

A

same number of electron shells that surround the nucleus

41
Q

atomic mass in parenthesis

A

radioactive

Chemistry 101 (3 decks)

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