Test 1 Study guide Flashcards
1
Q
What ship did Columbus leave in the Americas?
A
Santa Maria
2
Q
Who apparently killed the crew of the Santa Maria?
A
The Caniba
3
Q
Who was first to circumnavigate the globe? Where was he from?
A
Magellan - Portugal
4
Q
Quick recap of Magellan’s trip
A
- King needs route around Americas
- Mag heads south along Africa
- Move to Brazil
- Find southern tip of Americas
- many die along route through Pacific
- Finally land in Philippines
5
Q
How did Magellan die?
A
-Makes blood pact with chief in PI
-Mag troops and time attack rival tribes
-Chief retreats from battle
-Mag dies in battle
[-tribe opens fire when troops return]
[-some make it to ships and obliterate tribe]
6
Q
Why des the Pope creates the Treaty of Tortus of 1493?
A
To stop Sp and Por wars
7
Q
What did Balboa do?
A
Named the Pacific Ocean
8
Q
What did John Cabbit do?
A
- Commissioned to find northern route around America
- Doesn’t find it
- Credited with finding Vinland
9
Q
What are the “3 Gs”
A
- Gold
- God
- Glory
10
Q
What did Juan Ponce de Leon do?
A
- Search for the fountain of youth (debatable)
- Lead SP troops to fight against natives; island by island
11
Q
What did Henando Cortez do?
A
Defeated the Aztec Empire
12
Q
What did Bernal Diaz do?
A
Soldier of Cortez who wrote about the SP expedition through Mexico
13
Q
What did Pizzaro do?
A
Defeated the Incan Empire
14
Q
What did Giovanni Verrazano do?
A
- Sailed up and down east coast
- First to see New York Bay
15
Q
Jacque Cartier
A
Claims St Lawrence (what is now Canada)
16
Q
Samuel de Champlain
A
Found New France and Quebec
17
Q
Robert Cavelier Sieru de la Salle
A
Claimed entire Mississippi River Basin area
-Louisiana
18
Q
What 2 countries struggled for N. America at first?
A
England and France
19
Q
About how many were for the Rev War? Against? Neutral?
A
1/3 For
1/3 Against
1/3 Neutral
20
Q
Sir Francis Drake
A
leads a counterattack on SP forces in Caribbean but is unsuccessful
-after defeating SP fleet in English Channel
21
Q
Joint Stock Company
A
Several investors share risk and profit for settlements
22
Q
Very powerful Joint Stock Company
A
The East India Company
23
Q
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
A
Failed colony at Newfoundland
-adverse temps kill crops
24
Q
Sir Walter Raleigh
A
Settles sustainable Roanoke further south from Newfoundland
- Leaves back to En
- Returns after a year
- Everyone’s dead; note “Crokatoan” on tree
25
James I grants charter to who for Jamestown?
Virginia Company of London
26
Christopher Newport
First leader of Jamestown
27
What happened to Jamestown under Newport?
- Focused on finding treasures rather than growing crops
| - Winter hit and many died
28
Who takes over Jamestown after first year?
John Smith
29
John Rolfe?
Successful tobacco trader that marries Pocahontas
30
What happens to Jamestown in 1622
- Powhattan surprise attacks
| - Half the colonists are killed
31
What is established in Virginia for the stock holders to meet and discuss how the colony should be run?
House of Burgesses
32
Mayflower Compact
seen as the first form of representation
33
John Winthrop
Helps to bring people to new world
34
Bacon's rebellion of 1676
-Distaste over land rights, taxation, gov defense
35
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
start Providence and Portsmouth, Rhode Island
36
Cotton Mather
Head during Salem Witch Trials
37
Fundamental Orders in Connecticut
one of the first written constitution
| -dos and donuts for citizens
38
Virginia and North Carolina
tobacco growers
39
South Carolina
rice growers
| -too humid for tobacco
40
Georgia
military outpost to keep SP in FL
41
The Pequot Wars
- Natives want to stop Euro influx
- Attack settlers but settlers wipe out Natives
- Natives realize they must band together to fight new people
42
King Philip's War
Metacom joins forces with other tribes to overwhelm settlers but is wiped out
43
William Penn
Purchases and settles Pennsylvania
44
New Amsterdam
New York
45
Mason and Dixon Lines
Distinguishes north and south
| -maps out boundaries of settlements
46
13 Colonies
Virginia l New Hampshire l Massachusetts
Maryland l Rhode Island l Connecticut
N. Carolina l S. Carolina l New York
New Jersey l Penn l Delaware l Georgia
47
FR / ENG Wars:
| First FR fort American militia captures
Fort of Louisbourg on Cape Breton
48
FR / ENG Wars:
| Seven Years War Time period
1756-1763
49
FR / ENG Wars:
| Many Natives side with which side?
FR
50
FR / ENG Wars:
FR destroys Am fort and builds Fort Duquesne.
Who retaliates? Successful?
George Washington
| Not successful
51
FR / ENG Wars:
| ENG make 3-pronged attack on Ft Duquesne, Ft Niagara, Ft St Frederic. Successful?
FR are outnumbered but destroy British regulars and militia
| 1000 Eng deaths vs 39 Fr casualties
52
FR / ENG Wars:
| Important turning point
William Pitt becomes Prime Minister
| -sends many troops to fight FR in America
53
FR / ENG Wars:
| When FR find out British are sending many troops, what happens?
FR capture many Fts, including Ft William Henry.
-British are sent home after defeat
-Natives massacre them when they leave
[Last of the Mohicans]
54
FR / ENG Wars:
| British use 23,000 men to capture what?
Ft Louisbourg and 2,500 Fr regulars
55
FR / ENG Wars:
| After sin at Ft Louisbourg, British suffer big defeat where?
Ft Ticonderoga
56
James Wolfe defeat the FR where?
On the plains of Abraham
| -Wolfe and Montcalm die in battle
57
FR / ENG Wars:
| British lay siege to which final city to take control over Canada?
Montreal
58
FR / ENG Wars:
| Treaty that hands Canada to British?
Treaty of Paris
59
Rev War:
| Battle of Boston
- After Battle of Concord
- GW seizes Bunker Hill
- British take Hill on 4th storm up hill but then leave
- GW retakes hill w/cannons
- Fires on city and harbor
- British evacuate city
60
Rev War:
| Where do Americans attack after Boston? Why?
Canada
| -Americans believe British will form up in Canada
61
Benedict Arnold
Former Eng General
- Is bitter toward the colonists for not being put in higher leadership position
- Goes back to British side but is not trusted
62
William Moultrie
Successfully defends Sullivan's Island in Charleston against Br Navy
63
Who declares independence on July 4, 1776?
Continental Congress
64
Nathan Hale
Martyr for American people
| "I regret that I have but one life to fight for this country"
65
Rev War:
| Battle of Brooklyn Heights / Long Island
- GW tries to repeat Bunker hill with defense
- Gen William Howe (Br) lands troops on all angles of peninsula and crush Am
- Am sneaks away
- British hang on to NY for rest of war
66
Rev War:
| What does Howe do after Battle of Brooklyn Heights?
- Chases GW
- Takes Fts Washington and Lee and 3k prisoners
- Reduces GW's troops from 20k to 6k
67
Rev War:
| What does GW do to restore morale after Howe chases him down?
Battle of Trenton
- German mercenaries are holding area
- Christmas morning, GW famously crosses Delaware River
- GW takes Trenton as Germans are drunk
68
Rev War:
| Howe chases Washington after Trenton, what does GW do?
Battle of Princeton
| -GW attacks and defeats British rear guard
69
Rev War:
| What does Howe do after Princeton?
Battle of Brandywine Creek
- Howe needs a victory
- More Am losses are taken in battle than previous 2 British losses
70
Rev War:
| Battle of Germantown?
GW needs another win
- pickets are able to hold off Am
- british reorganize and mow down Am
71
Marguis de Lafayette
FR volunteer to train Americans
| -is made a general
72
"Baron" von Steuben
Convinces Am he is prestige (isn't really)
| -shows Am how to drill
73
Rev War:
| Why was Battle of Saratoga a turning point?
- Howe wanted pincer attack with Burgoyne on Saratoga
- Burgoyne takes a long time to get to Battle
- Burgoyne meets massive Am force
- only sends one regiment at a time
- his forces are killed one at a time
- Burgoyne surrenders
74
John Paul Jones
Famous naval commander for defeating small British ships pirate style
75
Rev War:
| What happened at Monmouth Court House
- Howe was leaving to fight Fr in Caribbean
- GW wanted to pincer attack on beach
- Gen Lee gets scared and sends only one regiment at a time to attack Howe
- Howe defeats Am attack
76
Who takes Howe's place in Am after he leaves for the Caribbean?
Lord Charles Cornwallis
77
Rev War:
| What town does Cornwallis take from south?
Charleston
78
Rev War:
| Famous Guerrilla warfare leaders
Francis Marion
| Daniel Morgan
79
Rev War:
After loss at Yorktown, where does Cornwallis retreat to?
Who chases him out?
Virginia
| -GW and Comte de Rochambeau
80
Rev War:
| Why does Cornwallis feel comfortable on the peninsula in Chesapeake Bay?
British fleets control the seas
81
Rev War:
| Why does Cornwallis surrender after battle of Chesapeake Bay?
French fleets take over bay
| -no escape for him
82
After war, US extends from where?
Atlantic to Mississippi
| Canada to FL
