Test 1: Study deck 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Who are 5 key figures of the Age of Exploration
A
Columbus - Italian Magellan - Portuguese Hernando Cortez - Spanish Bernal Diaz - Spanish Francisco Pizarro - Spanish
2
Q
Columbus’ funding story
A
- Tried to convince Port, Genoa, and Venice to fund his journey to find East India
- Both said no, impractical
- Finally had the approval of the Spanish crown after Spain had finally pushed all Muslims out and was no longer in a war
- Promised to be the Admiral of the Ocean Sea and appointed Viceroy and Governor of all the new land he could claim for Spain and 10% of all revenues
3
Q
Columbus’ first journey
A
- Set sail on 1492 with three ships
- Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
- Lands on San Salvador (no one knows where exactly)
- Meet peaceful natives
- feels he can conquer them with 50 men
- Santa Maria sinks on Christmas Day
- Leaves men behind using the wreckage as building supplies for Fort Navidad
- After a few more stops, heads back to Spain
4
Q
Columbus’ second journey
A
- Set sail in 1493 with 17 ships
- Finally arrived to Fort Navidad to find the fort in ruins and bodies of some of the people he left behind
- The locals say the Caniba came but are not believed
- He forces the locals to bring handfuls of gold or be tortured
- Rebellion ensues but they are easily put down
- Never acknowledges having found a new world
5
Q
Magellan’s story (until the PI)
A
- Portuguese
- Was commissioned by Spanish King to find a way around the Americas
- Departed south along Africa
- Sailed west to Brazil
- Found a straight thought southern tip of SA
- Sailed across the Pacific
- many died of starvation
- Finally reached the PI
6
Q
Magellan’s story at the PI
A
- Made friends with local chief who was baptized Catholic
- Mag agreed to help him fight rival tribes
- During the battle, Mag was struck with a spear and killed by a mob
- Mag’s troops retreated but were attacked by ally tribe
- Troops boarded ships and killed tribes
7
Q
John Cabot
A
- Was to search the seas for lands that were unknown to Christians of the time
- Is credited with finding Vinland (north part of N. America)
8
Q
Hernando Cortez (pre-Aztecs)
A
- When he arrived in Cuba, he heard of a powerful empire
- Decided this empire would be SP vassal or destroyed
- Landed on Mexico and was immediately attacked by 10k natives
- Their swords, guns, armor, and horses helped to dominate enemy
- After battle, he helped care for wounded and let some escape to spread the word
- Was converting natives using psychology
9
Q
Cortez (Aztecs)
A
- Aztecs heard of Cortez and sent 50-75k men
- After first battle defeat, sent 100k men
- After second battle defeat, Montezuma thought Cortez was God
- When Cortez when into city, riots started
- Cortez was able to escape but lost half men
10
Q
Cortez (after Aztec escape)
A
- Cortez was to be arrested when reaching shore
- Convinced army to join him
- Decimated Aztec with new army
- Medicine men killed, ordinary people servants
11
Q
Bernal Diaz
A
Was the one who wrote about the Aztec conquest
12
Q
Fransisco Pizarro (First landing)
A
- Inspired by Cortez’s Aztec conquest
- Lands in Peru
- Is immediately attacked
- Fortifies defenses in town of Cajamarca
- Altawapa and his guard enter town
- Altawapa is captured
- The rest of the army surrenders
13
Q
Pizarro (Post battle)
A
- Ransoms Altawapa for a room full of silver
- Ransom is delivered
- Pizarro doesn’t think Altawapa will keep peace
- Altawapa is killed
14
Q
7 Years War AKA? and years
A
- French and Indian War
- 1756-1763
15
Q
1st event of 7 Years War
A
- French take Pittsburg and build Ft Duquesne
- GW retaliates but surrenders at Ft Necessity
- Is allowed to leave but w/promise not to fight
16
Q
2nd event of 7 Years War
A
- British reinforced
- Failed 3-prong attack by British
- Ft Duquesne
- Ft Niagra
- Ft St Frederic
17
Q
3rd event of 7 Years War
A
Turning point of war
- William Pitt is Prime minister and changes tactics
- sends more troops to Americas
- stops Fr ships from resupplying Americas
18
Q
4th event of 7 Years War
A
Marquis knows new British plan
- attacks several forts including Ft William Henry
- British are allowed to leave from Ft Henry
- are massacred on the way out by natives
19
Q
5th event of 7 Years War
A
- British take Louisbourg
- British suffer many losses at Ft Ticonderoga
20
Q
6th event of 7 Years War
A
- French abandon Ft Duquesne
- British capture Niagara, Ticonderoga, Crowne Point
21
Q
7th event of 7 Years War
A
French are defeated on the Plains of Abraham and take Quebec
-Wolf and Marquis are killed
22
Q
Final event of 7 Years War
A
British lay siege to Montreal
- final French forces surrender
- France hands Canada over
23
Q
Consequences of 7 Years War
A
- British control N. America
- Americans no longer faced with Euro threat
- British increase tax from Americans for war
- Americans feel like 2nd-class citizens
- French will help Americans to get revenge
24
Q
Rev War
How many for and against
A
1/3 For, Against, Neutral
25
1st event of the Rev War
Battle of Concord
- British wanted to find and destroy militia weapons
- Both parties meet in Concord
- "Shot heard 'round the world"
- British start to mow down militia
- Militia disperses
- British find weapons and destroy them
- British head back to Boston
- Militia take cheap shots all the way back
26
2nd event of the Rev War
- GW takes Bunker Hill
- After 4 tries, British take hill, but then leave
- Americans take hill again but with cannons
- Bombard city and harbor
- British evacuate the city
27
3rd event of the Rev War
- Americans think British will regroup in Canada
- Montgomery tries to take forts in Canada
- Mont is killed
- Benedict Arnold covers retreat
28
4th event of the Rev War
- General William Howe wins Battle of Brooklyn Heights / Long Island
- GW tries repeat of Boston but is surrounded
- GW is able to sneak away
29
5th event of the Rev War
- General Howe chases GW
- Takes Ft Washington and Lee
- Washington's men fall from 20k to 6k
30
6th event of the Rev War
- British hoping Amer will sit for winter
- GW needs a win
- GW goes to Trenton
- Famously crosses Delaware River on X-mas
- GW takes Trenton
31
7th event of the Rev War
- How hears of Trenton and chases GW again
| - GW goes around and attacks Howes rear guard and wins at Battle of Princeton
32
8th event of the Rev War
- Howe hears of Princeton, needs a win
- Howe attacks Philly at Battle of Brandywine Creek
- Washington takes more losses than British did in last 2 wins
33
9th event of the Rev War
- GW needs a win after Philly
- Starts battle of Germantown
- Town pickets hold Americans for hours
- GW finally gets into town
- Militia is held back at farmhouse
- British reorganize and mow down militia
34
Important turning point
| 10th event of the Rev War
Saratoga
- British attempted to split America in two
- Burgoyne was eventually surrounded by militia
- Didn't use full force to break out
- Burgoyne surrendered
- France is convinced to join war
35
11th event of the Rev War
GW and troops managed to endure the winter at Valley Forge
| -2500 Americans died during winter
36
12th event of the Rev War
Battle at Monmouth Courthouse
- as British left the Courthouse, they were attacked
- General Lee didn't take the initiate
- Cornwallis pressed
- Although no one won't the battle
- demonstrated the effectiveness of American army after Valley Forge drilling
37
13th event of the Rev War
Cornwallis captures Charleston
- Battle of Camden
- even though British are outnumbered
- suffer minimal losses and destroy militia
38
14th event of the Rev War
Battle of Cowpens
| -Americans use guerrilla warfare
39
15th event of the Rev War
Daniel Morgan defeats Tarleton
- Morgan uses leapfrog tactics to move first two ranks behind the 3rd rank
- By the time the British get to 3rd rank, they're defeated
40
16th event of the Rev War
Finally Rochambeau and GW chase Cornwallis into Yorktown, VA
- Cornwallis retreats to a peninsula thinking the Eng fleet would cover him
- French fleet destroys British fleet
- Cornwallis has no escape
- Surrenders Oct 19th, 1781
