Test 1 Solutions

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

Solution—homogeneous mixture (no boundaries are visible in the mixture) that consists of one or more solutes uniformly dispersed at the molecular or ionic level throughout a medium known as the solvent

Question 2

What is a solute?

Answer 2

Solute—the material that got dissolved; the component of the solution presents in the smaller quantity

Question 3

What is a solvent?

Answer 3

Solvent—material that does the dissolving

Question 4

What is Molarity?

Answer 4

Moles of solute per liter of solution

Abbreviated with a capital M

Question 5

Is molarity dependent on temperature?

Answer 5

M (molarity) depends on the temperature of the solution. Molarity will decrease as temp increases since the volume of a solution will expand when heated

Question 6

is molality dependent on temperature?

Answer 6

m (molality) does NOT depend on temperature since mass (kg) does not change with temperature
Molality is never equal to molarity, but the difference becomes smaller as solutions become more dilute.

Question 7

What is Percent by Weight to Volume (%w/v)?

Answer 7

The percent of concentration you encounter in a clinical setting when measuring out a volume of medicine in a syringe

Defined as grams of solute per 100 mL of solution

Question 8

What is parts per million?

Answer 8

The concentration of extremely dilute solutions is sometimes expressed as parts per million (ex. Nitric oxide: NO)

A ppm concentration is analogous to a percent concentration, except you are comparing the amount of solute to a million grams of solution, rather than 100 grams

Question 9

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 9

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute, as defined by its solubility

Question 10

What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 10

If solution is unsaturated, more solute will dissolve in that solution

Question 11

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 11

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than allowed by the solubility of the solute

Question 12

What does miscible mean?

Answer 12

Two liquids are miscible if they are soluble in each other in all proportions

Question 13

What are some examples of something that is miscible and immiscible?

Answer 13

Alcohol and water are miscible

Oil and water are immiscible with each other.

Question 14

What are polar compounds?

Answer 14

ionic compounds

hydrogen bonds (water, blood and ethanol)

soluble in water

not very soluble in an organic solvent (ether)

Question 15

What are non polar compounds?

Answer 15

most organic compounds (pure form of injectable medications)

insoluble in a water-based medium such as blood

Question 16

What two factors affect solubility?

Answer 16

Pressure and temperature

Question 17

How does pressure affect solubility?

Answer 17

As pressure increases, the solubility of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent increases
Since solids and liquids are not very compressible, at least not compared to gases, pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solid and liquid solutes

Question 18

What s henrys law?

Answer 18

S = kHPgas

where S = solubility

kH = Henry’s law constant

Pgas = partial pressure of the gas

Question 19

Henrys law for O2 and Co2?

Answer 19

Henry’s Law
O2 = 0.003
Co2 = 0.067

Question 20

How does temperature affect solubility?

Answer 20

The solubility of solid and liquid solutes in liquid solvents generally increases with increasing temperature (with a few exceptions)

Temperature has the opposite effect on the solubility of gaseous solutes in liquid solvents. As temp increases, less gas is able to dissolve into liquid.

Question 21

What is a colligative property?

Answer 21

Properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles, and not the identity of the solute particles, are called the colligative properties of solutions.

Question 22

What is the colligative property of vapor pressure?

Answer 22

The vapor pressure of a solution decreases with increasing solute concentration. (indirect)

Question 23

What is the colligative property of boiling point?

Answer 23

The boiling point of a solution increases with increasing solute concentration. (direct)

Question 24

What is the colligative property of freezing point?

Answer 24

The freezing point of a solution decreases with increasing solute concentration. (indirect)

Question 25

What is the colligative property of osmotic pressure?

Answer 25

The osmotic pressure of a solution increases with increasing solute concentration (most dramatic) (direct)

Question 26

What is tonicity?

Answer 26

The relative concentration of solutes in osmotic systems is called the tonicity

Question 27

What does it mean when something is isotonic?

Answer 27

Two solutions are isotonic if they contain equal concentrations of particles

Question 28

What does it mean when something is hypertonic?

Answer 28

Hypertonic solution has greater concentration of particles- follows gravity

Question 29

What does it mean when something is hypotonic?

Answer 29

Hypotonic has lower concentration of particles- against gravity

Question 30

whats are Colloids?

Answer 30

Similar to solutions in that they consist of one phase uniformly dispersed in a second phase

Examples: milk, blood, paint, and jelly

Not true solutions because the particles in the dispersed phase are not the size of molecules or ions

Particles in a colloid range in size from 10 nm to 200 nm

Question 31

That is the Tyndall effect?

Answer 31

Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect, whereas solutions do not

Particles of a colloid are large enough to scatter light passing through

Particles in a true solution are too small to scatter visible light, so solutions do not exhibit the Tyndall effect (ex. NS)