Test 1 Basics of Physics

Question 1

What is Netwons first law?

Answer 1

An object at rest or moving at constant speed in a straight line will continue in that state until a net external force acts upon it (aka Law of Inertia)

Question 2

What is Netwons second law?

Answer 2

Force is equal to mass times acceleration

Question 3

What is netwons third law?

Answer 3

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 4

What is a scalar quantity?

Answer 4

Scalar quantities, such as distance, height, mass, and age, have magnitude only

Units typically need to be specified with scalar quantities

Question 5

What is a vector quantity?

Answer 5

Vector quantities have magnitude and direction (denoted with vector arrow on top)

Direction of the vector must be specified

Examples of vectors include velocity, weight, and the force applied to a syringe in order to inject a medication

Question 6

What are the four fundamental forces of the physical world?

Answer 6

Strong nuclear force
Electromagnetic force
Weak nuclear force
Gravitational force (weakest)

Question 7

What is G?

Answer 7

G (6.674×10 N⋅m²/kg² )

Question 8

What is Weight?

Answer 8

Weight is simply the gravitational force exerted on an object by a much larger object, such as the Earth

Question 9

1 lb equals how many netowns?

Answer 9

1 lb = 4.45 N

Question 10

1 kg equals how many netwons?

Answer 10

1kg = 9.8 N

Question 11

What is the formula for pressure?

Answer 11

Pressure = force / area

Question 12

How can you increase pressure? what two things?

Answer 12

Increasing the applied force

Decreasing the area over which the force is applied

Question 13

How can you decrease pressure? what two things?

Answer 13

Decreasing the applied force

Increasing the area over which the force is applied

Question 14

1 atm = ??torr ??mmHg ??Pa

Answer 14

1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg = 101,325 Pa

Question 15

1 atm = how many bars?

Answer 15

1 atm = 1.013 bar

Question 16

1 bar = how many Pa?

Answer 16

1 bar = 100,000 Pa = 105 Pa = 100 kPa

Question 17

1 psi = How many Pa?

Answer 17

1psi = 6,895Pa = 6.9 kPa

Question 18

Does the Aneroid Bellows Gauge require liquid?

Answer 18

Aneroid Bellows Gauge

Does not require the presence of a liquid to operate

Question 19

How does the Aneroid Bellows Gauge work?

Answer 19

Relies on the expansion or contraction of bellows as the pressure changes

Gauges sealed with respect to the atmosphere are used to measure changes in the absolute pressure

Gauges open to the atmosphere and sample are used to measure gauge pressure

Question 20

What does barometers measure? what kind of pressure?

Answer 20

Barometers measure actual pressure or absolute pressure

Question 21

What does manometers and bourdon gauges measure? what kind of pressure?

Answer 21

Manometers and Bourdon gauges measure gauge pressure (pressure of a system above or below atmospheric pressure)

Question 22

What is the formula for total pressure?

Answer 22

Ptotal = Pgauge + Patmosphere

Question 23

What is the formula for work?

Answer 23

W = F x d

Work = force x displacement

Question 24

What is the law of energy conservation?

Answer 24

The amount of energy in the universe is constant and is constantly being converted from one form to another
Alternately, we can say that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only converted to other kinds of energy

Question 25

What is energy?

Answer 25

In chemistry and physics, energy is defined as the capacity to do work

Question 26

What is Joules?

Answer 26

The SI unit of energy is the joule (J), exactly the same unit as work

Question 27

What is little c?

Answer 27

Traditionally, one calorie was defined to be the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C (older unit)

Today, one calorie (thermochemical calorie) is defined to be exactly 4.184 J

Question 28

What is big C?

Answer 28

“Big C” Calories and
The ubiquitous food Calorie is a kilocalorie or 1,000 cal
1 kcal = 4,184 J

Question 29

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 29

Energy a mass has by virtue of being in motion

From the definition of kinetic energy, we can use the formula:
KE = 1/2 mv2

Question 30

What is potential energy?

Answer 30

Energy that is stored by virtue of position, and can be recovered and used later

Unlike kinetic energy, there is no single formula for potential energy

The specific formula depends upon the situation at hand; for gravitational potential energy, it is:
potential energy = PE = mgh

Question 31

What is internal energy?

Answer 31

Sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of the particles comprising the system

It is a quantity that results from the state of the particles at a molecular level

Usually represented by the letter U

Question 32

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

Answer 32

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If two objects, A and B, are found to be in thermal equilibrium (at the same temperature), and in addition, objects B and C are separately found to be in thermal equilibrium, then objects A and C will be in thermal equilibrium if placed in thermal contact with each other, and no heat will flow between A and C

Question 33

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 33

The First Law of Thermodynamics
The change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat processes that cause energy to flow into/out of the system and the work done by/on the system:
DeltaU = Q +W

Question 34

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 34

Heat spontaneously flows from a hot body to a cold body when the two bodies are brought into thermal contact

Sometimes stated as the Entropy Law
Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system

Second Law states the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing

Question 35

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

Answer 35

It is not possible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute zero

Question 36

What is temperature?

Answer 36

Temperature can be viewed as an arbitrary numerical ranking of “hotness” or “coldness”

Question 37

What is Heat?

Answer 37

Heat is energy that is transferred as a result of a temperature difference

Question 38

What is heat capacity?

Answer 38

Heat capacity is the ratio between the amount of heat added to or taken away from an object and the change in temperature of the object

Question 39

What is specific heat?

Answer 39

Specific heat is heat capacity of a given object that depends on the mass of the object and type of material contained in the object