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Dental Hygiene Theory IV (DHTH 4505) > Test 1 Review - Unit 3 > Flashcards

Test 1 Review - Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 objectives of periodontal debridement?

A
  1. Disruption & removal of sub gingival biofilm
  2. Removal of plaque retentive factors
  3. Conservation of tooth structure
  4. Resolution of inflammation
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2
Q

When were ultrasonic scaling devices first introduced?

A

1950

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of ultrasonic scalers?

A

Magnetostrictive & Piezoelectric

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4
Q

How do magneto and piezo differ physically?

A

Magneto has an insert, piezo has a tip.

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5
Q

What are the 4 actions of ultrasonic instrumentation ?

A

Mechanical, Irrigation, Cavitation, and Acoustic Microstreaming

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6
Q

Describe irrigation in ultrasonic instrumentation

A

An irrigant (usually water) is used with ultrasonic instruments to counteract any frictional heat generated by oscillating tip moving against the tooth surface

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7
Q

Describe cavitation in ultrasonic instrumentation

A

Formation and explosive collapse of microscopic bubbles in a flowing liquid resulting from forces acting on liquid

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8
Q

Which action of ultrasonic instrumentation is the primary action?

A

Mechanical

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9
Q

What is the range of mechanical vibrations in ultrasonic instrumentation?

A

18,000 - 50,000

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10
Q

The term ultrasonic describes a non-audible range of acoustic vibrations that are a unit of frequency referred to in ______ or _______

A

Cycles per second (CPS) or Hertz (Hz)

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11
Q

The number of times the tip of the insert moves back and forth in a second is called

A

Frequency

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12
Q

Power is also known as…

A

Amplitude

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13
Q

Increasing the power setting, _____ the distance the working end moves or the length of the stroke.

A

Increases

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14
Q

Define tip displacement

A

The distance the working end travels in the single vibration

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15
Q

Frequency is:
a) referred to in cycles per second
b) number of times the tip of the insert moved back and forth per second
c) is present on automated units
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

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16
Q

Which of following is true about Power?
a) Power and frequency are the same
b) Power setting cannot be changed on automated units
c) Power and amplitude are the same thing
d) Increasing power increased the number of times the tip of the insert moves back and forth in one second

A

c) Power and amplitude are the same thing

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17
Q

Increasing the power will increase the length of the stroke, T/F?

A

True

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18
Q

Tip displacement, length of stroke and distance of working end all refer to the same thing and is altered by adjusting the power setting, T/F?

A

True

19
Q

Power & water tuning - low to medium power is best, T/F?

A

True

20
Q

Describe the difference in water flow control for calculus removal vs. deplaquing

A

Calculus: Halo
Deplaquing: Drip with Halo

21
Q

Name 8 advantages of ultrasonic

A
  1. Increase efficiency for large calc deposits
  2. Multiple surfaces of the tip can be used
  3. Manual debridement is technically demanding
  4. Tips don’t need sharpening and need replacement less often
  5. Large diameter hand piece, less hand fatigue
  6. Less lateral pressure required, less repetitive strain
  7. Thin designs may provide less tissue distention than a curet
  8. Lavage may enhance healing & comfort
22
Q

Name 5 disadvantages to ultrasonic

A
  1. Client may not like water spray
  2. Aerosol production
  3. Tinnitus, early sign of hearing loss
  4. Less tactile sensation
  5. Continuous oral eval is needed
23
Q

The ultrasonic is a great tool for detecting calc, T/F?

A

False

24
Q

Sonic instrumentation is driven by ________ rather than electricity

A

Compressed air

25
Q

Sonic range of frequency is…

A

2500 kHz to 8000 kHz

26
Q

How is sonic instrumentation activated?

A

Rheostat

27
Q

Is heat generated by sonic?

A

No

28
Q

Name the different motions each instrumentation device has (sonic, magneto, and piezo)

A

Sonic & magneto = Elliptical

Piezo = Linear

29
Q

Are Hertz & CPS the same thing?

A

Yes

30
Q

The core is a stack of metal strips of a ferrite rod…

A

Magneto

31
Q

Differentiate between internal and external water flow

A

Internal - water flows thru the tip itself, exiting at the point
External - separate tube

32
Q

Which instrument has a transducer that consists of ceramic crystals?

A

Piezo

33
Q

Which instrument tips move in a a linear pattern?

A

Piezo

34
Q

Which sides of the piezo tip are activated and adapted to the tooth surface?

A

2 lateral sides

35
Q

Are the working ends between the piezo and ultrasonics transferable?

A

No

36
Q

Is water req. for piezo?

A

Not necessary to cool it, but req to cool the friction

37
Q

How many mm is effectively active on a cavity insert tip?

A

4 mm

38
Q

How many mm of the effectively active insert tip should be adapted to the tooth surface?

A

2-3 mm

39
Q

What surface of the insert tip should not be adapted to the tooth surface & why?

A

Point - too much energy

40
Q

What are the 2 orientations or position of the insert in the sulcus?

A

Vertical - sub g removal
Transverse - mainly supra

41
Q

A channel refers to…

A

Dividing the tooth/root into 2 mm sections width wise

42
Q

What should the lateral pressure be?

A

Light. Mod/firm decreases effectiveness.

43
Q

Are there precautions when using these instruments on pacemaker clients?

A

Newer ones pose no threat, unshielded may be disrupted - consult cardiologist

44
Q

Name 4 other contraindications

A
  • COPD
  • CVS w/ secondary pulmonary disease
  • Dysphagia or swallowing difficulty
  • Cystic fibrosis

Dental Hygiene Theory IV (DHTH 4505) (2 decks)

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