Test 1 Review - Unit 3 Flashcards
What are the 4 objectives of periodontal debridement?
- Disruption & removal of sub gingival biofilm
- Removal of plaque retentive factors
- Conservation of tooth structure
- Resolution of inflammation
When were ultrasonic scaling devices first introduced?
1950
What are the 2 types of ultrasonic scalers?
Magnetostrictive & Piezoelectric
How do magneto and piezo differ physically?
Magneto has an insert, piezo has a tip.
What are the 4 actions of ultrasonic instrumentation ?
Mechanical, Irrigation, Cavitation, and Acoustic Microstreaming
Describe irrigation in ultrasonic instrumentation
An irrigant (usually water) is used with ultrasonic instruments to counteract any frictional heat generated by oscillating tip moving against the tooth surface
Describe cavitation in ultrasonic instrumentation
Formation and explosive collapse of microscopic bubbles in a flowing liquid resulting from forces acting on liquid
Which action of ultrasonic instrumentation is the primary action?
Mechanical
What is the range of mechanical vibrations in ultrasonic instrumentation?
18,000 - 50,000
The term ultrasonic describes a non-audible range of acoustic vibrations that are a unit of frequency referred to in ______ or _______
Cycles per second (CPS) or Hertz (Hz)
The number of times the tip of the insert moves back and forth in a second is called
Frequency
Power is also known as…
Amplitude
Increasing the power setting, _____ the distance the working end moves or the length of the stroke.
Increases
Define tip displacement
The distance the working end travels in the single vibration
Frequency is:
a) referred to in cycles per second
b) number of times the tip of the insert moved back and forth per second
c) is present on automated units
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Which of following is true about Power?
a) Power and frequency are the same
b) Power setting cannot be changed on automated units
c) Power and amplitude are the same thing
d) Increasing power increased the number of times the tip of the insert moves back and forth in one second
c) Power and amplitude are the same thing
Increasing the power will increase the length of the stroke, T/F?
True
Tip displacement, length of stroke and distance of working end all refer to the same thing and is altered by adjusting the power setting, T/F?
True
Power & water tuning - low to medium power is best, T/F?
True
Describe the difference in water flow control for calculus removal vs. deplaquing
Calculus: Halo
Deplaquing: Drip with Halo
Name 8 advantages of ultrasonic
- Increase efficiency for large calc deposits
- Multiple surfaces of the tip can be used
- Manual debridement is technically demanding
- Tips don’t need sharpening and need replacement less often
- Large diameter hand piece, less hand fatigue
- Less lateral pressure required, less repetitive strain
- Thin designs may provide less tissue distention than a curet
- Lavage may enhance healing & comfort
Name 5 disadvantages to ultrasonic
- Client may not like water spray
- Aerosol production
- Tinnitus, early sign of hearing loss
- Less tactile sensation
- Continuous oral eval is needed
The ultrasonic is a great tool for detecting calc, T/F?
False
Sonic instrumentation is driven by ________ rather than electricity
Compressed air
Sonic range of frequency is…
2500 kHz to 8000 kHz
How is sonic instrumentation activated?
Rheostat
Is heat generated by sonic?
No
Name the different motions each instrumentation device has (sonic, magneto, and piezo)
Sonic & magneto = Elliptical
Piezo = Linear
Are Hertz & CPS the same thing?
Yes
The core is a stack of metal strips of a ferrite rod…
Magneto
Differentiate between internal and external water flow
Internal - water flows thru the tip itself, exiting at the point
External - separate tube
Which instrument has a transducer that consists of ceramic crystals?
Piezo
Which instrument tips move in a a linear pattern?
Piezo
Which sides of the piezo tip are activated and adapted to the tooth surface?
2 lateral sides
Are the working ends between the piezo and ultrasonics transferable?
No
Is water req. for piezo?
Not necessary to cool it, but req to cool the friction
How many mm is effectively active on a cavity insert tip?
4 mm
How many mm of the effectively active insert tip should be adapted to the tooth surface?
2-3 mm
What surface of the insert tip should not be adapted to the tooth surface & why?
Point - too much energy
What are the 2 orientations or position of the insert in the sulcus?
Vertical - sub g removal
Transverse - mainly supra
A channel refers to…
Dividing the tooth/root into 2 mm sections width wise
What should the lateral pressure be?
Light. Mod/firm decreases effectiveness.
Are there precautions when using these instruments on pacemaker clients?
Newer ones pose no threat, unshielded may be disrupted - consult cardiologist
Name 4 other contraindications
- COPD
- CVS w/ secondary pulmonary disease
- Dysphagia or swallowing difficulty
- Cystic fibrosis
