Test 1 Review - Unit 2 Flashcards
Cardiovascular Disease
Avoid vasoconstrictors (epi) or use cardiac dose
Allergy to LA Agent
Absolute contraindication, do not use
Sulfa Drug Allergy
Avoid articaine
Bisulfate Allergy
Avoid vasoconstrictors (epi), absolute contraindication, do not use
Asthma
Up to 10% chance of an allergic reaction to bisulfates, monitor for signs/symptoms of reaction/bronchospam
Uncontrolled Hyperthyroidism
Absolute contraindication to vasoconstrictors (epi)
Underactive Thyroid
Potential for overdose, keep LA to a minimum
Pregnancy
Safely administered, wait till trimester 2
Diabetes
Limit epi - can alter blood glucose levels
Lidocaine is a …
Potent vasodilator
Lidocaine is metabolized in the …
Liver
The duration of lidocaine and mepivacaine is…
180-300 mins
Is Mepivacaine a weak or strong vasodilator?
Weak
Mepivacaine is metabolized in the…
Liver
Mepivacaine is a good option for…
CVS conditions, sulfite contraindications
Prilocaine is metabolized mostly in the…
Lungs
Articaine is metabolized mostly in the…
Plasma
Bupivicaine is metabolized in the…
Liver
Bupivicaine has the longest half-life of…
3.5 hr
Bupivicaine has the longest duration of…
240-540 min
Are esters or amides more commonly used in dentistry and why?
Amides. Less potential for allergic reaction.
Are amides or esters strictly used for topical?
Esters
Differentiate between absolute & relative contraindications
Absolute - can never administer substance, could be life threatening
Relative - may be used after weighing risks/benefits, only if no other choice
We counter the vasodilation effects of LA with the addition of…
Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine)
What causes needle breakage?
Poor technique, client movement
What is hematoma and what causes it (with LA use)?
Swelling/bruising; caused by puncturing a blood vessel due to over-insertion
What is transient facial nerve paralysis and how is it caused (with LA use)?
Loss of motor function on one side of the face; caused by LA into parotid gland
What is parathesis?
Prolonged anesthesia
What is trismus?
Muscle spasm causing temp lock jaw
What causes tissue sloughing?
Prolonged use of topical
What does an epi overdose present like?
Fight or flight response
Define eutectic
Melts or solidifies at certain temp
EMLA
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic
What are the active ingredients in Oraqix?
Lidocaine & Prilocaine (2.5% ea)
What is the duration or Oraqix?
20 mins approx.
What is the maximum application per session for Oraqix?
5 cartridges per person
What needle gauge numbers are most recommended?
25 or 26
T/F - the higher the needle gauge number, the bigger the diameter or the lumen
false, higher the number, smaller the diameter
Ideal PH in LA carpal?
6-7, acidity slows onset
