Test 1: Review Questions Flashcards
0
Q
CAD Diagnostic Tests
A
- C-reactive proteins
- CK-MB
- Troponins
- ABG
- CBC
- ECG and Echo
1
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
- Progressive disease characterized by plaque formation
2. Affects intimal and medial layers of large and mid-sized arteries
2
Q
Nitrates
-Questions to Ask?
A
- Can cause reflex tachycardia or excessive hypotension
2. Ask if patient is using viagra w/in 24 hours
3
Q
Cardiac Reserve
A
- Ability of the heart to increase cardiac output to meet metabolic demand
4
Q
HF
-Compensatory Process
A
- Aortic baroreceptors stimulate SNS
- Norepinephrine causes atrial and venous vasoconstriction
- Triggers Frank-starling mechanism
- Blood is shunted to heart and brain
- Inadequate peripheral perfusion causes activation of RAAS
- BNP and ANP rise to counterbalance the RAAS system
- Ventricular Hypertrophy occurs
- Everything fails and Decompensation occurs
5
Q
HF
-Fall in CO causes?
A
- Fall in CO causes salt and water retention leading to further edema and weight gain
- Nocturia and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurs when excess fluid is reabsorbed while client is supine
6
Q
HF
-Main Goals
A
- Slow progression
- Reduce cardiac workload
- Improve cardiac function
- Control fluid retention
7
Q
Hemodynamic Monitoring
-Main Goal
A
- Main goal is to evaluate cardiac and circulatory function and the response to interventions
8
Q
Hemodynamic Monitoring
-Parameters
A
- HR
- Atrial bloop pressure
- Pulmonary pressures
- CVP or Right atrial pressure
- Cardiac Output
9
Q
HF
-ACE Inhibitors
A
- Reduce afterload and improve CO and renal blood flow
- Reduce pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema
Contraindicated
-pregnancy
-Renal stenosis
-can cause hyperkalemia
10
Q
HF Assessment
-Health Hx
A
- Complains of increasing SOB
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Decreased activity intolerance
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Number of pillows used for sleeping
- Recent weight gain
