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Vision Science 5 > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

In the afterimage test, where would a patient with a left esotropia view the vertical line?

A

Right side

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2
Q

In the afterimage test, where would a patient with a right esotropia view the vertical line?

A

Left side

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3
Q

In the afterimage test, where would a patient with a left exotropia view the vertical line?

A

Left side

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4
Q

In the afterimage test, where would a patient with a right exotropia view the vertical line?

A

Right side

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5
Q

In what scenario would type I paradoxical ARC be found?

A

Undercorrection of esotropia

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6
Q

In what scenario would type II paradoxical ARC be found?

A

Overcorrection of exotropia

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7
Q

What is the definition of unharmonious ARC?

A

When there is a subjective angle of strabismus, but it is smaller than the objective angle (H)

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8
Q

In UNHARC, where will the angle “a” be located?

A

Between the fovea (f) and the straight-ahead point (z)

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9
Q

What angles coincide in harmonious ARC?

A

“a” and “z”

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10
Q

What horoptor anomaly may an early onset esotropia patient have?

A

Flom notch

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11
Q

What happens to the horopter in an intermittent esotrope?

A

The horopter gets flatter - IVD horopter

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12
Q

In ARC, the size of angle “a” is typically related to what?

A

The size of the strabismus

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13
Q

Which is not stable, and may be altered by image luminance and contrast, ARC or NRC?

A

ARC

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14
Q

If a patient develops strabismus after age 7, will they develop ARC?

A

Probably not

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15
Q

In the Pulfrich phenomenon, why is there a sense of rotation when viewing a pendulum swinging?

A

One eye is “dimmed”, and there is a lag of the neural signals reaching the brain

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16
Q

A patient demonstrates the Pulfrich phenomenon and reports that the object appears to be moving in a clockwise direction. Which eye is affected?

A

Left eye

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17
Q

A patient demonstrates the Pulfrich phenomenon and reports that the object appears to be moving in a counter-clockwise direction. Which eye is affected?

A

Right eye

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18
Q

Global stereo is related to (coarse/fine) stereo.

A

Fine

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19
Q

Local stereo is related to (coarse/fine) stereo.

A

Coarse

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20
Q

Which variety of stereo is more sensitive to binocular anomalies?

A

Global

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21
Q

Coarse stereo uses which pathway?

A

Magnocellular pathway

22
Q

Fine stereo uses which pathway?

A

Parvoceullular pathway

23
Q

Which type of stereo (global/local) is based on images that can be recognized monocularly as well as binocularly?

A

Local stereo

24
Q

What does local stereo generate info for?

A

Lines, edges, contour…simple things

25
Q

In patent stereo, depth is proportional to what?

A

The disparity

26
Q

Which is more high quality stereo, patent or latent?

A

Patent

27
Q

Where is patent stereo found (think about looking at a horopter/Panum’s area picture)?

A

Within, and just outside of Panum’s area

28
Q

What is perceived with latent stereo?

A

Near or far, but not actual depth

29
Q

What part of the eye has the best stereo acuity?

A

Fovea

30
Q

What factors reduce stereo acuity?

A

Low contrast
Unequal retinal contrast
The color blue
Short exposure time

31
Q

What is the equation to get disparity in seconds of arc?

A

n = PD * delta d / D^2
Conversion factor of 206,000 and change
PD = 2a

32
Q

If the PD is larger, what happens to the disparity?

A

It increases

33
Q

If the object gets closer, what happens to the disparity?

A

It gets larger

34
Q

Disparity is ___ proportional to the square of the viewing distance.

A

Inversely

35
Q

What are the binocular depth cues?

A

Convergence

Stereopsis

36
Q

What is convergence micropsia?

A

Increased convergence innervation tells the brain that the object is getting closer, while the retinal image size remains unchanged. The observer perceives that the object is getting smaller

37
Q

What does SILO stand for, and what is its relationship with convergence micropsia?

A

Small in, Large out

That is the sensation when convergence micropsia occurs

38
Q

What is stereopsis primarily based on?

A

Horizontal relative binocular disparity

39
Q

What does absolute depth perception tell you?

A

How far objects are from themselves or other objects

40
Q

What does relative depth perception tell you?

A

About the comparison of depth (% or ratio)

41
Q

How might disparity be calculated?

A 
n = PD * delta d / D^2
n = alpha - beta
n = gamma L - gamma R
42
Q

What are the monocular non-pictorial cues?

A

Accommodation
Motion parallax
Kinetic depth effect

43
Q

Which of the monocular non-pictorial cues is related to motion parallax?

A

Kinetic depth effect

44
Q

Which is the weakest non-pictorial cue?

A

Accommodation

45
Q

In motion parallax, objects nearer than the fixation point have which motion?

A

Against

46
Q

In motion parallax, objects farther than fixation have which motion?

A

With

47
Q

When looking at a forced vergence fixation disparity curve, what is the y-axis?

A

Fixation disparity

48
Q

When looking at a forced vergence fixation disparity curve, what is the x-axis?

A

Associated phoria

49
Q

What is an associated phoria?

A

The amount of prism necessary to eliminate fixation disparity

50
Q

What is heterophoria?

A

Overall deviation as tested by cover test

Vision Science 5 (8 decks)

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