Test 1 Part 2 Flashcards
What is the term for a side effect that is negative, undesirable, unpleasant, or even dangerous?
adverse effect
What is the term for an adverse effect of a drug resulting in drug poisoning which can be life-threatening?
toxic effect/toxicity
What is the term for the location within the body where the drug exerts its therapeutic effect such as aspirin acting at the hypothalamus to lower fever?
site of action
What is the term for how a drug works?
mechanism of action
T/F: Drug actions usually begin after the drug attaches itself to some chemical structure known as the site of action.
False; this is the receptor site
T/F: Antagonists are drugs that bind to a specific receptor and produce an action.
False; this is true of agonists. Antagonists bind and prohibit an effect.
What is the term for when both agonist and antagonist drugs bind to the same receptor and are administered together?
competitive antagonism
T/F: most chemicals have antidotes (antagonists) for reversing toxicity.
False; most do not
What two things determine the strength of a drug action?
dose and frequency
Drug response is proportional to the dose. When maximal response is eventually reached, what is it called? dose necessary for half of max response?
ceiling effect;
dose necessary for half of the max response is the ED50 or effective dose 50
What are the 3 phases of drug activity (in order)?
pharmaceutic,
pharmacokinetic,
pharmacodynamic
Sue did Coke with Cody
What phase occurs after the drug is given and involves disintegration and dissolution of the dosage form which is affected by the form of the drug and the route of administration?
pharmaceutic
What drug form is aka troches?
lozenges
T/F: elixirs and tinctures are known as aqueous forms of drugs.
False; these are alcoholic drug forms.
aqueous forms includes suspensions and things like antibiotics for children (the pink stuff)
Which drug form is most often compressed into tablets?
powder
Which drug form has an acid-resistant coating?
enteric-coated
What drug form is mixed with a substance that melts at body temp?
suppositories
What drug form is a liquid or powder dissolved in sterile solution including things like vaccines, morphine, or epinephrine?
parenteral injections
What are the 4 routes of drug administration that are not considered parenteral?
Buccal,
Rectal,
Oral (PO),
Sublingual
BROS
What phase is “what the body does to the drug?”
pharmacokinetic phase
ADME describes the pharmacokinetic phase. What does ADME stand for?
Absorption,
Distribution,
Metabolism,
Excretion
When are acid drugs mostly unionized/absorbed? basic drugs?
when in acidic fluid (gastric juices);
when in alkaline fluid (SI)
T/F: the more lipid soluble a drug is, the easier it will pass through cell membranes.
True
T/F: Contrary to popular belief, food does not slow the absorption of drugs.
False; food tends to slow absorption
