Test 1 Part 2

Question 1

What is the term for a side effect that is negative, undesirable, unpleasant, or even dangerous?

Answer 1

adverse effect

Question 2

What is the term for an adverse effect of a drug resulting in drug poisoning which can be life-threatening?

Answer 2

toxic effect/toxicity

Question 3

What is the term for the location within the body where the drug exerts its therapeutic effect such as aspirin acting at the hypothalamus to lower fever?

Answer 3

site of action

Question 4

What is the term for how a drug works?

Answer 4

mechanism of action

Question 5

T/F: Drug actions usually begin after the drug attaches itself to some chemical structure known as the site of action.

Answer 5

False; this is the receptor site

Question 6

T/F: Antagonists are drugs that bind to a specific receptor and produce an action.

Answer 6

False; this is true of agonists. Antagonists bind and prohibit an effect.

Question 7

What is the term for when both agonist and antagonist drugs bind to the same receptor and are administered together?

Answer 7

competitive antagonism

Question 8

T/F: most chemicals have antidotes (antagonists) for reversing toxicity.

Answer 8

False; most do not

Question 9

What two things determine the strength of a drug action?

Answer 9

dose and frequency

Question 10

Drug response is proportional to the dose. When maximal response is eventually reached, what is it called? dose necessary for half of max response?

Answer 10

ceiling effect;

dose necessary for half of the max response is the ED50 or effective dose 50

Question 11

What are the 3 phases of drug activity (in order)?

Answer 11

pharmaceutic,
pharmacokinetic,
pharmacodynamic

Sue did Coke with Cody

Question 12

What phase occurs after the drug is given and involves disintegration and dissolution of the dosage form which is affected by the form of the drug and the route of administration?

Answer 12

pharmaceutic

Question 13

What drug form is aka troches?

Answer 13

lozenges

Question 14

T/F: elixirs and tinctures are known as aqueous forms of drugs.

Answer 14

False; these are alcoholic drug forms.

aqueous forms includes suspensions and things like antibiotics for children (the pink stuff)

Question 15

Which drug form is most often compressed into tablets?

Answer 15

powder

Question 16

Which drug form has an acid-resistant coating?

Answer 16

enteric-coated

Question 17

What drug form is mixed with a substance that melts at body temp?

Answer 17

suppositories

Question 18

What drug form is a liquid or powder dissolved in sterile solution including things like vaccines, morphine, or epinephrine?

Answer 18

parenteral injections

Question 19

What are the 4 routes of drug administration that are not considered parenteral?

Answer 19

Buccal,
Rectal,
Oral (PO),
Sublingual

BROS

Question 20

What phase is “what the body does to the drug?”

Answer 20

pharmacokinetic phase

Question 21

ADME describes the pharmacokinetic phase. What does ADME stand for?

Answer 21

Absorption,
Distribution,
Metabolism,
Excretion

Question 22

When are acid drugs mostly unionized/absorbed? basic drugs?

Answer 22

when in acidic fluid (gastric juices);

when in alkaline fluid (SI)

Question 23

T/F: the more lipid soluble a drug is, the easier it will pass through cell membranes.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T/F: Contrary to popular belief, food does not slow the absorption of drugs.

Answer 24

False; food tends to slow absorption

Question 25

Which route of administration is absorbed faster, intramuscular or subcutaneous?

Answer 25

intramuscular, but intravenous is faster still

Question 26

T/F: although all mechanisms of absorption can occur in the GI tract, active diffusion occurs mostly.

Answer 26

false; mostly passive diffusion

Question 27

T/F: drug absorption in the lungs occurs by active diffusion.

Answer 27

False; passive diffusion

Question 28

T/F: the epidermis is packed with keratin which limits absorption of foreign compounds, but when absorption does occur, it occurs via active diffusion.

Answer 28

Nope. still passive diffusion

Question 29

T/F: Only lipophilic (fat-loving/water-hating) compounds are absorbed through the skin via passive diffusion.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the term for the % of a dose that reaches the bloodstream?

Answer 30

bioavailability

Question 31

T/F: Bioavailability is defined differently for drugs as opposed to dietary supplements due to the method of administration and FDA regulations.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: Only unbound (free) drug molecules can exert a pharmacological effect.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What 3 organs have the largest blood supply making them often the most exposed to lipid-soluble drugs?

Answer 33

liver, kidneys, and brain

Swap lungs for brain when dealing with water-soluble drugs.