Test 1: Overview of Low Vision Flashcards
disorder
deviation from normal structure or function
short term or long term
can give rise to an impairment
impairment
disorder interfering with an organ function
from disorder but not all disorders lead to impairment
can lead to disability
disability
reduction or loss of ability to perform a certain task
handicap
a disorder that puts an individual at a perceived or actual disadvantage with respect to societies’ norms
USA legal blindness
est. 1935 as part of SS act
20/200 or less in the better and/or a VF of 20 degrees of diameter or less with best conventional correction
WHO legal blindness
20/400
germany is 20/1000
difference between low vision and vision impairment
low vision implies decreased acuity but vision impairment can be from acuity, field, contrast sensitivity, functional abilities, legal blindness
when is vision a disability
VA <20/40
VF <52 degrees - this is about 40% of normal visual field in angle
CS <1.00
near normal vision
20/28-20/60
no VF designation
low vision
moderate VI: 20/70-20/160, no VF designation
severe VI: 20/200-20/400, no VF designation
blindness
profound VI: 20/500-20/1000, VF 10 degrees or less
near total VI: less than 20/1000, VF 5 degrees or less
total VI: no light perception
visual impairment and blindness in developing countries
90% of VI in developing countries #1 is uncorrected RE #2 cataract #3 glaucoma 80% of VI worldwide is avoidable
big players in VI in the USA
ARMD diabetic retinopathy glaucoma cataracts congenital ocular disease other
vision loss is associated with
higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, depression, social isolation
blindness in the US
AMD is the leading cause of blindness in older adults today, accounting for 54% among white americans
DR - hispanics
glaucoma - african americans
current research in low vision
quality of life evaluating low vision services measuring the outcome of low vision rehab eccentric viewing and PRLs neuro-rehab neuroplasticity
rehab services (CLRT/VRT/OT)
how do you set dials on appliances do you have difficulties seeing to eat how do you write checks how do you organize your money shampoo from conditioner can you read med labels do you feel safe in your kitchen, bathroom
orientation and mobility services
can you walk safely in your home can you walk alone in neighborhood travel in unfamiliar environment can you see steps and curbs when walking can you see stop signs and road lights can you identify moving cars and bikes
certified driving rehab instructors/specialists
driving rehab for those with vision loss and other physical medical conditions
one on one instruction starts with skill evaluation, maybe using a simulator
patient rides as passenger
pt drives to demonstrate skill
patient learns rehab techniques to increase driving safety - bioptic telescope
teachers of the visually impaired
advocate of visually impaired child within school
assesses visual needs in classroom and to complete work at home
makes recommendations for assistive devices
refers for vision rehab and often attends appts
educates teachers on child’s visual needs
counseling and social work
emotional and psychological support to face vision loss
works on self esteem, preserving independence, family and social interactions with others
guides patient towards healthy behaviors and interactions with others
ensures patient is being cared for and has social support system
congenital ocular disease
optic atrophy nystagmus cataracts optic nerve hypoplasia syndromes
acquired ocular disease
trauma ARMD diabetes cataracts glaucoma hereditary disease of late onset corneal dystrophies non-congentical ON disorders
angular magnification
image angle vs actual angle
optical devices create larger angle on retina
relative distance magnification
closer = larger
linear magnification
real image
size is a linear dimension
physically enlarging object at same distance
