Test 1: Overview of Low Vision

Question 1

disorder

Answer 1

deviation from normal structure or function
short term or long term
can give rise to an impairment

Question 2

impairment

Answer 2

disorder interfering with an organ function
from disorder but not all disorders lead to impairment
can lead to disability

Question 3

disability

Answer 3

reduction or loss of ability to perform a certain task

Question 4

handicap

Answer 4

a disorder that puts an individual at a perceived or actual disadvantage with respect to societies’ norms

Question 5

USA legal blindness

Answer 5

est. 1935 as part of SS act

20/200 or less in the better and/or a VF of 20 degrees of diameter or less with best conventional correction

Question 6

WHO legal blindness

Answer 6

20/400

germany is 20/1000

Question 7

difference between low vision and vision impairment

Answer 7

low vision implies decreased acuity but vision impairment can be from acuity, field, contrast sensitivity, functional abilities, legal blindness

Question 8

when is vision a disability

Answer 8

VA <20/40
VF <52 degrees - this is about 40% of normal visual field in angle
CS <1.00

Question 9

near normal vision

Answer 9

20/28-20/60

no VF designation

Question 10

low vision

Answer 10

moderate VI: 20/70-20/160, no VF designation

severe VI: 20/200-20/400, no VF designation

Question 11

blindness

Answer 11

profound VI: 20/500-20/1000, VF 10 degrees or less
near total VI: less than 20/1000, VF 5 degrees or less
total VI: no light perception

Question 12

visual impairment and blindness in developing countries

Answer 12

90% of VI in developing countries 
#1 is uncorrected RE
#2 cataract 
#3 glaucoma 
80% of VI worldwide is avoidable

Question 13

big players in VI in the USA

Answer 13

ARMD
diabetic retinopathy 
glaucoma 
cataracts 
congenital ocular disease 
other

Question 14

vision loss is associated with

Answer 14

higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, depression, social isolation

Question 15

blindness in the US

Answer 15

AMD is the leading cause of blindness in older adults today, accounting for 54% among white americans
DR - hispanics
glaucoma - african americans

Question 16

current research in low vision

Answer 16

quality of life 
evaluating low vision services 
measuring the outcome of low vision rehab 
eccentric viewing and PRLs
neuro-rehab 
neuroplasticity

Question 17

rehab services (CLRT/VRT/OT)

Answer 17

how do you set dials on appliances 
do you have difficulties seeing to eat 
how do you write checks 
how do you organize your money 
shampoo from conditioner 
can you read med labels 
do you feel safe in your kitchen, bathroom

Question 18

orientation and mobility services

Answer 18

can you walk safely in your home 
can you walk alone in neighborhood 
travel in unfamiliar environment 
can you see steps and curbs when walking 
can you see stop signs and road lights 
can you identify moving cars and bikes

Question 19

certified driving rehab instructors/specialists

Answer 19

driving rehab for those with vision loss and other physical medical conditions
one on one instruction starts with skill evaluation, maybe using a simulator
patient rides as passenger
pt drives to demonstrate skill
patient learns rehab techniques to increase driving safety - bioptic telescope

Question 20

teachers of the visually impaired

Answer 20

advocate of visually impaired child within school
assesses visual needs in classroom and to complete work at home
makes recommendations for assistive devices
refers for vision rehab and often attends appts
educates teachers on child’s visual needs

Question 21

counseling and social work

Answer 21

emotional and psychological support to face vision loss
works on self esteem, preserving independence, family and social interactions with others
guides patient towards healthy behaviors and interactions with others
ensures patient is being cared for and has social support system

Question 22

congenital ocular disease

Answer 22

optic atrophy 
nystagmus
cataracts 
optic nerve hypoplasia 
syndromes

Question 23

acquired ocular disease

Answer 23

trauma 
ARMD
diabetes
cataracts
glaucoma
hereditary disease of late onset 
corneal dystrophies 
non-congentical ON disorders

Question 24

angular magnification

Answer 24

image angle vs actual angle

optical devices create larger angle on retina

Question 25

relative distance magnification

Answer 25

closer = larger

Question 26

linear magnification

Answer 26

real image
size is a linear dimension
physically enlarging object at same distance