Test 1: Legal Blindness & Common Eye Diseases Flashcards

Question

RP rehab referrals

Answer 1

O & M support groups counseling and social work

Answer 2

large chance of worsening - preventative care driving is a big problem safety is number 1 concern can be legally blind based on VF

Answer 3

``` eye pressure high or too high for individual damage to ON VF loss loss of color vision loss of contrast light sensitivity glare problems ```

Answer 4

``` poor side vision bumping into things trouble telling colors - matching clothes need for extra light trouble with detail vision - late stages driving problems ```

Answer 5

utilize central vision scanning techniques prisms to expand side vision reverse telescopes - makes smaller, expand FOV mobility training - white cane, guide dogs bright, directional light contrast filters in daytime magnification vs magnification - mag usually needed in late stages where central VA is decreased

Answer 6

O & M driving rehab support groups counseling and social work

Answer 7

``` too much mag may be mad in combo with other ocular disease using drops regularly smoking peripheral vs central vision loss - which has occurred, which is worst ```

Answer 8

``` many diseases that can damage optic nerve some from birth, others later in life connection cord between eye and brain hypoplasia = small optic nerve atrophy = permanent damage to nerves ```

Answer 9

poor contrast - trouble seeing objects from background blurry vision overall loss of side vision - bumping into things, safety concerns light sensitivity glare problems

Answer 10

contrast is #1 strategy mobility training directional lighting indoor/outdoor tints minimize nystagmus (jerky eye movements) with contact lenses, prism consider prism when helpful for VF defects

Answer 11

magnification usually quite helpful the lighting conundrum - too much vs not enough, certain types are better than others, demonstrate illuminated magnifier options magnify within confines of VF

Answer 12

vision rehab orientation and mobility driving rehab occupational/school-related rehab

Answer 13

good driving candidates contrast #1 consider tinted contact lenses or glasses - photochromics patients usually well adapted if condition is congenital acquired ON disease requires more rehab/intervention

Answer 14

``` damage to brain causing vision loss blurry vision loss of side vision loss of eyes working together - double vision loss of focusing ability tired eyes ```

Answer 15

``` miss things to one side trouble reading double vision trouble keeping place visual confusion trouble moving around safely - bumping into things loss of depth ```

Answer 16

``` prisms/glasses to enhance side vision focusing therapies binocular vision therapies proper light spectrum filters to improve vision comfort ```

Answer 17

``` mag may be helpful but consider other issues VF (hemianopsia or other) visual neglect midline shift cognitive issues spatial/perceptual issues ```

Answer 18

vision rehab orientation and mobility support groups counseling/social work

Answer 19

``` additional physical problems comprehensive therapies needed visual neglect of one side recovery of side vision? spatial perception family and friends may not understand ```

Answer 20

disease affecting pigmentation in eyes or eyes/skin/hair - cutaneous = skin less or absent pigment in iris and retina - iris may appear pink, iris may appear normal in color, retina may look normal or lighter in color, causes photophobia eye turns common nystagmus common

Answer 21

moderate to extreme light sensitivity need for UV protection for eyes and skin mild to severe vision loss - many patients legally blind, trouble seeing detail visual field defects are possible but not common

Answer 22

discuss importance of UV protection limit amount of light entering eye - opaque or tinted contacts (may help nystagmus), tints and filters, glasses modifications - tint, photochromic, anti-reflective coating prisms for moving eyes into gaze that minimizes nystagmus - null point

Answer 23

``` magnification very helpful - lighted magnifiers - but not too much light need large FOV if have nystagmus handheld magnifiers stand magnifiers headbourne magnifiers electronic magnifiers ```

Answer 24

driving rehab | occupational/school related rehab

Answer 25

otherwise healthy often present as children or teens may be great driving candidates don't underestimate the power of tints/filters and contact lenses generally well adjusted to vision loss - congenital

Answer 26

damage to the visual cortex or other areas of the brain that involve the visual process caused by - lack of oxygen to brain, infection, poor brain development, head injury, some syndromes can exist with or without perfectly healthy eyes

Answer 27

``` motor problems - disconnect between vision and motor, cerebral palsy spatial problems speech/auditory problems memory problems visual attention problems VF defects sensory overstimulation poor or absent reflex eye movements eye tracking problems visual neglect visual agnosia - inability to recognize common objects nystagmus eye turn ```

Answer 28

may have decreased mental capabilities, inability to sit up, stand control movements, write, inability to read (eye movement problems, spatial problems, visual memory, letter/word recognition, speech/language difficulties) moderate to severe vision loss - often legally blind blurry or blind spot in central vision making detail difficult to see trouble with moving around safely or bumping into things trouble focusing trouble remembering trouble with right/left concepts and spatial relationships trouble naming or identifying common objects

Answer 29

cannot rehab without complete list of diagnoses involve school, parents, nueropsychologist, OT, PT, vision rehab professionals, audiologist, speech/language pathologist, developmental optometrist, ophthalmologist/neuro-ophthalmologist consider running vision info processing tests or referring for them consider running or referring for mental assessments test for midline shift and neglect start simple and focus on your area of rehab team - consider eye movement therapies first eye scanning/tracking filters or tints to minimize visual noise prism when indicated to help eye alignment, minimize nystagmus, compensate for VF loss or retrain neglect motor rehab as it relates to vision - eye hand coordination, gross motor and visual planning, spatial estimation and body movement

Answer 30

magnification may or may not be helpful depends on whether the problem is not being able to see the letter/word/object or not knowing what it is may have physical or mental limitations to using magnification stable magnifiers requiring less movement - stand vs handheld, consider headbourne if good head control

Answer 31

orientation and mobility occupational/school related rehab PT, OT, speech/language therapy, auditory processing therapy, vision therapy, neuro-developmental/behavioral therapy, sensory integration therapy, attention therapy

Answer 32

you are part of a team that must work together you may need to initiate referrals to others therapies and insurance considerations importance of close contact with school/TVI never underestimate the potential for some recovery never count these patients out