Test 1 Outline Flashcards by Michael Lindsay

Attached gingiva is the distance from the ____ to the ____ MINUS the ____

Mucogingival junction
Gingival margin
Sulcus depth

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The widest AG on the FACIAL aspect of the Maxilla is found with the ____

Incisors

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The narrowest AG on the FACIAL aspect of the Maxilla is found with the ____

Premolars

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The widest AG on the FACIAL aspect of the Mandible is found with the ____

Incisors

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The narrowest AG on the FACIAL aspect of the Mandible is found with the ____

Premolars

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The widest AG on the LINGUAL aspect of the Mandible is found with the ____

Molars

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The narrowest AG on the LINGUAL aspect of the Mandible is found with the ____

Incisors

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A mucogingival defect is found when there is ____

1mm of less of AG

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Keratinized gingiva (KG) = ____ + ____

Marginal gingiva

Attached gingiva

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The Mucogingival junction is the point at which the ____ meets ____

Keratinized epithelium

Non-keratinized epithelium

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The hard palate ____ mucogingival junction

Has NO

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The attachment tissue layers proceed as:

TIJEC
Tooth
Internal basal lamina (LD+LL)
Junctional epithelium
External basa lamina
Connective tissue

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The External basal lamina is continuous with the ____

Sulcular epithelium

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Biological width is the ____, and is always ____mm

Combination of JE and CT attachment

2mm

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The most numerous fibers of the PDL are the ____ fibers which constitute the ____ of the tooth

Oblique

Main supply

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Cellular cementum forms ____ and is arranged ____

After the tooth reaches the occlusal plane

Parallel to the root surface or randomly

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The inorganic content of cementum is ____%

(40-50%)
Bone = 65-70%
Dentin = 75%
Enamel = 97%

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The most common relationship of the CEJ is ____

Cementum OVERLAPPING Enamel (60-65% of cases)

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Alveolar bone is formed by ____ ossification

Intramembranous

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In physiologic architecture of alveolar bone, the bone is ____

Taller interproximally than it is on buccal or lingual surfaces

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In reverse architecture of alveolar bone, the bone is ____

Lower interproximally than it is on buccal or lingual surfaces

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____ is a V-shaped bone defect

Dehiscence

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The nerve supply to the periodontium is via the ____

Trigeminal nerve

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The lymphatic drainage of the Tonsils and Posterior tongue goes to the ____ lymph node

Jugulodigastric

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The lymphatic drainage of the Mandibular incisors and Gingiva goes to the ____ lymph node

Submental

The lymphatic drainage of the Periodontium goes to the ____ lymph node

Submandibular

Age changes to the periodontium include:

``` Decreased keratinization Decreases CT cellularity Decreased rate of collagen synthesis Thinning of the epithelium Thicker Cementum Increased intercellular substance ```

____ is the wearing away by a force other than mastication

Abrasion

____ is the loss of tooth structure by a chemical process

Erosion

____ is the wearing away of tooth structure due to mastication

Attrition

Periodontitis becomes ____ prevalent with increasing age

Gingivitis causes no ____ and no ____

Bone loss | Attachment loss

In stage IV (Periodontitis), disease extends into the ____ and ____ with a greater presence of ____ cells

PDL Alveolar bone PLASMA

The earliest signs of gingivitis occur in the ____

Interdental papillae

Gingival bleeding is associated with:

``` Hemorrhagic diseases Vascular abnormalities Platelet disorders Hypoprothrombinemia Coagulation defects Multiple myeloma Postrubella purpura Use of Aspirin ```

Redness in gingivitis is attributable to ____ and ____

Increased vascularization | Increased keratinization

Periodontitis can be a manifestation of these systemic diseases:

``` AIDS Diabetes Down's Syndrome Cyclic Neutropenia Papillon Lefevre Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome ```

NUG is characterized by "PIG" which stands for:

Pain Interdental cratering Gingival bleeding

The first clinical sign of Leukemia is ____

Bleeding gums

Gingival overgrowth can be ____ or caused by ____

Drug-induced (Dilantin, Cyclosporins, Nifedipine) | Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis

The source of Supracalculus (C1) mineral ions is ____

Saliva (whiter, softer, more localized)

The source of Subcalculus (C2) mineral ions is ____

Serum (darker, harder, more generalized)

The inorganic component of calculus is made up of ____% inorganic salts

80% (Calcium and Phosphorus) | Hydroxyapatite

The primary etiologic cause of periodontitis is ____

Plaque / Bacteria

Characteristics of Periodontitis include:

Destruction of gingival and periodontal fibers Being cyclic in nature Site specificity Progression directly related to mass and composition of flora

Attachment loss with recession = ____ + ____

Gingival recession | Probing depth

Attachment loss with NO recession = ____ - ____

Probing depth | Distance from Free margin to CEJ

A Suprabony pocket constitutes ____ bone loss

Horizontal | Base of pocket is CORONAL to the alveolar crest

An Infrabony pocket constitutes ____ bone loss

Vertical | Base of pocket is APICAL to the alveolar crest

A Pulp Test in Endo is ____, whereas in Perio is ____

Non-vital | Vital

Periodontal pockets in Endo are ____, whereas in Perio are ____

Narrow, Isolated | Wide

Bone loss results from ____, _____, or a combination of the two

Increased resorption | Decreased formation

The mechanisms in which plaque and inflammation cause bone loss include:

Inflammation and microbial factors (endotoxin, lipoteichoic acid)

One is more likely to see dehiscence or fenestration in ____ periodontium, while in ____ periodontium an intrabony defect is more likely

Thin | Thick

Incidence is the number of defects that occur ____

Over a period of time

Prevalence is the number of defects ____

At a certain point in time

Mean attachment loss is Males = ____ | Mean attachment loss is Females = ____

2. 04mm | 1. 80mm

____% of U.S. Adults have gingival bleeding

50%

____% of U.S. Adults have periodontitis

35%

____% of the Population is at risk for severe periodontitis

10-20%

How is the O'Leary Plaque Record scored?

(Number of sites with plaque) DIVIDED BY the (Number of teeth OVER 4)

``` Gingival Index scores of 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = ```

``` 0 = Normal 1 = Mild inflammation (NO BLEEDING) 2 = Moderate inflammation (Bleeding on probing) 3 = Severe inflammation (Bleeding can be spontaneous) ```

``` Miller mobility index of 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = ```

``` Miller mobility index of 0 = No movement 1 = Barely detectable movement 2 = Crown moves up to 1mm 3 = Crown move more than 1mm ```

GCF is a(n) ____ exudate with ____ as the predominant immunoglobulin

Inflammatory | IgG

Macrophages produce:

``` Collagenase IL-1 (Activates osteoclasts) IL-6 IL-8 IL-20 IL-13 PGE2 (Activates osteoclasts) ```

C3a: C3b: C5a:

C3a: Increases vascular permeability C3b: Opsonization C5a: Increases vascular permeability

Macrophages can be activated by:

``` LPD IL-1 IL-6 TNF-a TNF-B ```

In vitro bone resorption factors:

``` LPS Lipoteichoic acids (of Gram+) Muramyl dipeptides (of Gram+) PGE2 IL-1B IL-6 TNF-a ```

____% of subjects aged 30 and older have periodontitis

47%

____% of Adults 65 and older have either moderate or severe periodontitis

64%

Periodontitis prevalence is HIGHEST amongst ____ and ____

Adults with less than a high school education | Adults below 100% federal poverty level