Test 1 OB Flashcards
OB
What are 1st trimester discomforts?
Urinary frequency
Fatigue
Nausea/Vomiting
Breast Tenderness
Constipation
Nasal Stuffiness/epistaxis
Bleeding/swollen gums
Cravings
Leukorrhea
What are 2nd trimester discomforts?
Backache
Leg cramps
Varicosities of Vulva and legs
Hemorrhoids
Flatulence and bloating
What are 3rd trimester discomforts?
Shortness of breath
Heartburn& Indigestion
Edema
Braxton Hicks
Fatigue
Urinary Incontinence
Leukorrhea
Constipation
How are the trimesters divided, by weeks?
1st: conception - 13 weeks
2nd: 13-27 weeks
3rd: 28-40 weeks
What is a zygote, and how many chromosomes does it have?
when the sperm and ovum meet
46 chromosomes
How many sperm are in a typical ejaculate, and how long do they live?
200-400 million
They are most active that first 24 hours, but can live for 24-72 hours
The placenta makes what 4 hormones?
Progesterone
Estriol (Estrogen)
hpL human placental Lactogen (reduces insulin sensitivity)
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
Do maternal and infact circulations remain independent of each other?
Yes. They are separated by a thin membrane
What are the two layers of the sac around the baby?
The amnion and the chorion. The amnion is the innermost one, makes amniotic fluid, surrounds the baby.
What qualifies as oligohyddraminos? What does it signify?
< 300 ml - can mean renal problems
How much amniotic fluid is normal?
What is the pH of amniotic fluid?
Increases to 800/1200 mL
Normal pH is 7.6
What qualifies as polyhydraminos? What does it signify?
More than 2 L
GI malformations
L/S tests for what?
A ratio of more than 2:1. This means that your baby has mature lungs and is ready for life outside the uterus.
How fast does the blood flow in the umbilical cord? What is it made of? How long is it?
400 ml/min
One vein, two arteries, surrounded by Wharton’s jelly
30-90 cm long, 2 cm diameter
What happens to the embrionic yolk sac?
It becomes the GI tract
What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Amenorrhea
N/V
Fatigue
Breast changes
Quickening
Urinary frequency
Thinning nails
+ Home pregnancy test
What are the Probable signs of pregnany?
Serum pregnancy test
Goodell’s
Hegar’s
Chadwick’s
MacDonalds
Striae
Pigmentation
What are the positive signs of pregnancy?
Fetal heartbeat
Visualization on ultrasound
Movements felt by examiner
Progesterone causes what digestive effects?
Delayed gallbladder emptying
Delayed gastric emptying
Constipation
Absorption of drugs may be altered
Does pregnancy displace the heart?
Yes
How does pregnancy change respiration?
Slight hyperventilation
Increased tidal volume by 30-40%
Abdominal breathing
What muskuloskeletal changes happen?
Lordosis
Stooped shoulders
Rectus abdominus in 3rd Trimester
What remal changes happen?
GFR increases in 2nd trimester but returns to normal by term
Why are thyroid hormones affected by pregnancy?
Estrogen causes hyperplasia of thyroid, increases parathyroid secretion
Avererage weight gain for a pregnancy is what?
25-35 lbs
What does GTPAL stand for?
gestation
term
preterm
abortion
living
What gets assessed at every prenatal visit? What is the typical schedule for them?
VS
Fundal height
Weight
Once a month for 1-28 weeks
2x a month until 36 weeks
Every week till delivery
What is the best way to determine gestational age?
Fetal Ultrasound
When does quickening happen?
16-22 weeks
When can you hear heartbeats on Doppler?
12-14 weeks
What affects fetal movement?
Drugs, cigarettes, sound, time of day, glucose
What is the Bradley method of childbirth?
Partner coached, emphasizing avoidance of interventions
What is Naegles’ Rule?
To figure out birthdate, subtract 3 months, add seven days.
Describe embryonic development week 3:
Beginning :brain, spinal cord, heart, limb buds, GI tract
Neural Tube forms
Describe embryonic development week 4:
Brian differentiates
Bigger limb buds
Stomach, pancreas and liver begin to form
Describe embryonic development week 5:
Heart now beats at a regular rhythm
Beginning structures of eyes and ears
Some cranial nerves are visible
Muscles innervated
Describe embryonic development week 6:
Beginning formation of lungs
Fetal circulation established
Liver produces RBCs
Further development of the brain
Primitive skeleton forms
Central nervous system forms
Brain waves detectable
