Test 1 OB Flashcards

OB

1
Q

What are 1st trimester discomforts?

A

Urinary frequency
Fatigue
Nausea/Vomiting
Breast Tenderness
Constipation
Nasal Stuffiness/epistaxis
Bleeding/swollen gums
Cravings
Leukorrhea

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2
Q

What are 2nd trimester discomforts?

A

Backache
Leg cramps
Varicosities of Vulva and legs
Hemorrhoids
Flatulence and bloating

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3
Q

What are 3rd trimester discomforts?

A

Shortness of breath
Heartburn& Indigestion
Edema
Braxton Hicks
Fatigue
Urinary Incontinence
Leukorrhea
Constipation

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4
Q

How are the trimesters divided, by weeks?

A

1st: conception - 13 weeks
2nd: 13-27 weeks
3rd: 28-40 weeks

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5
Q

What is a zygote, and how many chromosomes does it have?

A

when the sperm and ovum meet

46 chromosomes

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6
Q

How many sperm are in a typical ejaculate, and how long do they live?

A

200-400 million
They are most active that first 24 hours, but can live for 24-72 hours

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7
Q

The placenta makes what 4 hormones?

A

Progesterone
Estriol (Estrogen)
hpL human placental Lactogen (reduces insulin sensitivity)
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin

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8
Q

Do maternal and infact circulations remain independent of each other?

A

Yes. They are separated by a thin membrane

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the sac around the baby?

A

The amnion and the chorion. The amnion is the innermost one, makes amniotic fluid, surrounds the baby.

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10
Q

What qualifies as oligohyddraminos? What does it signify?

A

< 300 ml - can mean renal problems

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11
Q

How much amniotic fluid is normal?
What is the pH of amniotic fluid?

A

Increases to 800/1200 mL
Normal pH is 7.6

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12
Q

What qualifies as polyhydraminos? What does it signify?

A

More than 2 L
GI malformations

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13
Q

L/S tests for what?

A

A ratio of more than 2:1. This means that your baby has mature lungs and is ready for life outside the uterus.

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14
Q

How fast does the blood flow in the umbilical cord? What is it made of? How long is it?

A

400 ml/min
One vein, two arteries, surrounded by Wharton’s jelly
30-90 cm long, 2 cm diameter

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15
Q

What happens to the embrionic yolk sac?

A

It becomes the GI tract

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16
Q

What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?

A

Amenorrhea
N/V
Fatigue
Breast changes
Quickening
Urinary frequency
Thinning nails
+ Home pregnancy test

17
Q

What are the Probable signs of pregnany?

A

Serum pregnancy test
Goodell’s
Hegar’s
Chadwick’s
MacDonalds
Striae
Pigmentation

18
Q

What are the positive signs of pregnancy?

A

Fetal heartbeat
Visualization on ultrasound
Movements felt by examiner

19
Q

Progesterone causes what digestive effects?

A

Delayed gallbladder emptying
Delayed gastric emptying
Constipation
Absorption of drugs may be altered

20
Q

Does pregnancy displace the heart?

21
Q

How does pregnancy change respiration?

A

Slight hyperventilation
Increased tidal volume by 30-40%
Abdominal breathing

22
Q

What muskuloskeletal changes happen?

A

Lordosis
Stooped shoulders
Rectus abdominus in 3rd Trimester

23
Q

What remal changes happen?

A

GFR increases in 2nd trimester but returns to normal by term

24
Q

Why are thyroid hormones affected by pregnancy?

A

Estrogen causes hyperplasia of thyroid, increases parathyroid secretion

25
Avererage weight gain for a pregnancy is what?
25-35 lbs
26
What does GTPAL stand for?
gestation term preterm abortion living
27
What gets assessed at every prenatal visit? What is the typical schedule for them?
VS Fundal height Weight Once a month for 1-28 weeks 2x a month until 36 weeks Every week till delivery
28
What is the best way to determine gestational age?
Fetal Ultrasound
29
When does quickening happen?
16-22 weeks
30
When can you hear heartbeats on Doppler?
12-14 weeks
31
What affects fetal movement?
Drugs, cigarettes, sound, time of day, glucose
32
What is the Bradley method of childbirth?
Partner coached, emphasizing avoidance of interventions
33
What is Naegles' Rule?
To figure out birthdate, subtract 3 months, add seven days.
34
Describe embryonic development week 3:
Beginning :brain, spinal cord, heart, limb buds, GI tract Neural Tube forms
35
Describe embryonic development week 4:
Brian differentiates Bigger limb buds Stomach, pancreas and liver begin to form
36
Describe embryonic development week 5:
Heart now beats at a regular rhythm Beginning structures of eyes and ears Some cranial nerves are visible Muscles innervated
37
Describe embryonic development week 6:
Beginning formation of lungs Fetal circulation established Liver produces RBCs Further development of the brain Primitive skeleton forms Central nervous system forms Brain waves detectable