Test 1 Medications Flashcards
second- generation antihistamines
- non-sedating
- fewer anticholinergic symptoms
- laratadine (claritin)
___, __ blockers can cause ___ ____ ___ and impaired ____
antihistamines h1 drowsiness dizziness fatigue coordination
first generation antihistamine
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
____ (__) works by ___ with ___ for receptor sits preventing a ____ response. this reduces nasopharyngeal secretions, itching, and sneezing
Diphenhydramine(Benadryl)
competing
histamine
histamine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can be administered ___ ___ or ___. When taken with alcohol and ___ ____ ___ it ____ ___ ____. avoid ____
oral iv im other CNS depressants increases CNS depression MAOIs
Side effects of Diphenhydramine(Benadryl)
drowsiness dry mouth dizziness blurred vision wheezing photosensitivity urinary retention constipation GI distress blood dycrasias
elderly more sensitive to side effects of ___ (_) plus decreased ___ and ____. therefore give __ dose and consider ___ ____
Diphenhydramine(Benadryl) BP confusion lower 2nd generation
____(_) is a ___ ____ receptor ___. it has a ___ onset of action, ___ duration of action, and ____ side effects
albuterol (proventil) Selective Beta 2 Antagonist rapid longer few
____ ____ receptor ___ work with the ___ recptors in the bronchi causing ____. this increases ___/__ and decreases __/____ ___ ___
selective beta2 antagonists beta2 bronchodilation BP/HR GI/ renal blood flow
Propranolol (Inderal) is a ___ ___ ___, this will ___ ___ and ___. adverse reactions are ____ and ___. The nurse should monitor __ ___ in early tx and assess lungs because it can cause ____
nonselective (b1 and b2) beta blocker decrease HR BP bronchoconstriction and impotence vital signs bronchospasm
do not use ___(_), which is a _____ ___ beta blocker in a patient with ____, ___,___, or___
Propranolol (Inderal)
non-CARDIOselective COPD asthma CHF DM
____ (__) is a ____ (mostly b1) beta blocker. it causes a __ in ___ and ___ by decreasing ____,___ ___ ___, and ___ release
metoprolol (lopressor) selective decrease HR BP CO systemic vascular resistance renin
___ (_) is contraindicated in patients with DM
metoprolol (lopressor)
Metoprolol (lopressor) side effects
Dizziness Fatigue, weakness N/V, diarrhea Nasal stuffiness Impotence Decreased libido Depression Mental changes Bradycardia/heart block Thrombocytopenia Agranulocytosis
___ ____ are contraindicated in those with second or third ___ ___, sinus ____. heart failure
beta blockers
av block
sinus bradycardia
heart failure but may Be prescribed for early use in chronic HF
atorvastatin (lipitor) can be used in children older than ___ y/o.
8
contraindications of atorvastatin
- active liver disease
- pregnancy
use atorvastatin cautiously in those with
- hx of liver disease
- increased alcohol ingestion
- trauma
- sever metabolic endocrine disorders
- uncontrolled seizures
side effects of atorvastatin (lipitor)
Headache Rash Pruritus Diarrhea or constipation Sinusitis Pharyngitis Lag cramps
adverse reactions of atorvastatin
Rhabdomyolysis – breakdown of myoglobin = kidney damage*
Myalgia
Photosensitivity
Cataracts
*Rare
statins reduce ___ by inhibiting the enzyme HMG COA reductase, which is the ___ for cholesterol synthesis. it slightly increases __, and lowers __
cholesterol
precursor
HDL
LDL
drug interactions of atrovastatin (lipitor)
May ↑ digoxin level, oral contraceptives
↑ effects with macrolide antibiotics, antifungals
↓ effect with antacids, propranolol
High protein-binding
___(_) is the most potent calcium channel blocker, used for __ term tx of ___. it can cause profound ___
nifedipine (procardia)
long
angina
hypotension
nifedipine (procardia) promotes ___ ____. side effects include lightheadedness, __, orthostatic hypotension, ___, ____, flush, and ___ ___
peripheral vasodilation dizziness tachycardia palpitations GI distress
ca channel blockers are highly ___ ___
protein bound
a newer calcium channel blocker is ___. it has a half life of 30-60 hours dosed daily
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
