Test #1 Lecture 3 Flashcards
How is critical thinking important in nursing practice?
need to sort info into patterns to clarify problems, recognize changes, and make appropriate care decisions under pressure
essential process for safe, efficient, and skillful nursing intervention
improves patients’ outcomes
What is critical thinking?
the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process.
What is reflection?
Purposefully reviewing a situation to discover its purpose or meaning
Not intuitive
It’s about thinking about previous situations and considering relevant info
What happens at the basic level of thinking?
a learner trusts that experts have the right answers for every problem.
learns to accept the diverse opinions and values of experts.
What happens at the complex critical thinkers level?
begin to separate themselves from experts and analyze the clinical situation and examine choices more independently.
Each solution has benefits and risks that you weigh before making a final decision
What happens at the commitment level?
nurses anticipate when to make choices without assistance from others and accept accountability for decisions made.
What is effective problem solving?
involves evaluating a situation over time, identifying possible solutions, and trying a solution over time to make sure that it is effective.
What is decision making?
a product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution.
What is diagnostic reasoning?
the analytical process for determining a patient’s health problems.
What is clinical inference?
process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence and previous experience with the evidence.
What is clinical decision making?
makes a decision that identifies the problem, reducing the severity of the problem or resolving the problem completely.
What are the nursing process steps in the critical-thinking process?
Assessment diagnosis outcome identification and planning implementation evaluation
What is reflective journaling?
define and express clinical experiences in your own words
What is concept mapping?
visual representation of patient problems and intervention that shows their relationships to one another.
What is ethics?
The study of conduct and character.
Concerned with determining what is good or valuable for individuals, groups, and society at large.
What is Autonomy?
Commitment to include patients in decisions.
a way of acknowledging and protecting a patient’s independence.
What is Benefience?
taking positive actions to help others.
fundamental to the practice of nursing and medicine.
Best interests of the patient remain more important than self-intrest
What is nonmalelficence?
Avoidance of harm or hurt.
What is justice?
Being fair.
What is fidelity?
Agreement to keep promises.
unwillingness to abandon patients regardless of the circumstances, even when personal beliefs differ as the may when dealing with drug dealers, members of the gay community, women who received an abortion, or prisoners.
What are the code of nursing ethics?
a set of guiding principles that all members of a profession accept includes the following: advocacy responsibility accountability confidentiality
What is advocacy?
the support of a particular case.
As a nurse you advocate for the health, safety, and rights of patients, including their right to privacy and their right to refuse treatment.
What is responsibility?
refers to willingness to respect obligations and to follow through on promises.
What is accountability?
ability to answer for one’s own actions.
What is confidentiality?
HIPPA mandates protection of the patient’s personal health info
What are values?
A value is a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior.
What is deontology?
defines actions as right or wrong based on their adherence to rules and principles such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice.
What is utilitarianism?
the value of something is determined by its usefulness.
What is casuistry?
case-based reasoning, determines best actions and focuses on details of a situation.
What is feminist ethics?
guides participants in making difficult decisions especially when there is unequal power among the groups.
What are ethics of care?
the decision maker lies in the context of the situation and relates to the people involved.
What is an ethical dilemma?
when two opposing courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles.
What is moral distress?
Instead of competing options for action, the nurse feels the need to take a specific action while believing that action to be wrong.
What are the steps in processing an ethical dilemma?
1- ask if this is an ethical dilemma 2- gather all relevant info 3- clarify values 4- verbalize the problem 5- identify possible courses of action 6- negotiate the outcome 7- evaluate the action ethics committee
What are some issues in health care ethics?
Social media
quality of life
care at the end of life
access to health care
What is scope and standards of nursing?
defines nursing and reflects the values of the nursing profession.
standards of nursing care reflect the knowledge and skill ordinarily possessed and used by nurses
What is standard of proof?
What a reasonably prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances in the geographic area in which the alleged bread occurred.
What is the Patient Protection and Affordable care act (PPACA)?
Consumer rights and protections
affordable health care coverage
increased access to care
stronger Medicare to improve care for those most vulnerable in our society.
What is the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act?
when a patient presents to an emergence department, they must be treated
What is the Health information technology Act?
Nurses must ensure PHI is protected.
What is the American with disabilities act?
protects rights of people with physical or mental disabilities.
What is mental health parity and addiction equity act?
requires health insurance companies to provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder treatment.
What is the patient self-determination Act?
requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their rights to make decisions about their care, including the right to refuse treatment and to formulate an advance directive.
What is the uniform anatomical gift act?
organ donation system
What is the nurse practice act?
state laws intended to protect citizens, make nurses accountable and assure that care is consistent with best practice within the scope and standards of nursing.
What is informed consent and health care acts?
explanation of the procedure
names and qualifications of people performing the procedure
description of the serious harm, including death, that may occur as a result of the procedure and anticipated pain and discomfort
knows that he or she has the right to refuse the procedure
knows that he or she may refuse the procedure
What are public health laws?
laws affect individuals, populations, and communities that are intended to improve the health of people
What is the uniform determination of death act?
determines actual death, definition varies from state to state. Nurse have legal obligation to treat the deceased person’s remains with dignity.
What is assult?
intentional threat toward another person that places the person in reasonable fear of harmful, imminent or unwelcome contact
What is battery?
any intentional offensive touching without consent or lawful justification
What is false imprionment?
occurs with unjustified restraint of a person without a legal reason. This occurs when nurses restrain a patient in a confined area to keep the person from freedom
requires that the patient be aware of the confinement
What is defamation of character?
the publication of false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation.
What is slander?
occurs when one speaks falsely about another.
What is libel?
the written defamation of character
What is negligence?
conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard of care of a reasonably prudent person.
What is malpractice?
one type of negligence and often referred to as professional negligence
What is the criteria in order for something to be considered malpractice?
The nurse (defendant) owed a duty of care to the patient (plaintiff).
The nurse did not carry out or breached that duty.
The patient was injured and the nurse’s failure to carry out the duty caused the injury.
What are some common acts of negligence?
Failure to assess or monitor, including marking a nursing diagnosis
Failure to notify the health care provider of problems
Failure to follow orders
Failure to follow the six rights of medication administration
Failure to convey discharge instructions
Failure to ensure patient safety (especially with at-risk pts)
Failure to follow policies and procedures
Failure to properly delegate and supervise
Who is liable for nursing students?
Nursing students are liable if their actions cause harm
Student, instructor, hospital and university share in liability
Students should not engage in activities for which they are not prepared
What does SBAR stand for?
Situation- what is going on
Background- what is the clinical background or context
assessment- what do I think the problem is
recommendation- what would I do to correct it
