Test #1: Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the specialized cellular functions of metabolic absorption in the kidney?

Answer 1

1. filter
2. absorb
3. excrete

Question 2

Without mitochontrondia what is the process to generate ATP?

Answer 2

Endosymbiosis through a prokaryotic cell

Question 3

What does a eukaryotic cell not have in comparison with a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Cell wall is present in a prokaryotic cell.

Question 4

What protects a bacteria cell?

Answer 4

Glycocalyx

Question 5

What is the target of a cell for mold on eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

What is the problem of killing fungus?

Answer 6

Fungus is a eukaryotic cell, which means as you kill it you also kill host cells

Question 7

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Where does translation take place?

Answer 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

Question 9

What is the primary source of smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

What is smooth ER in the liver?

Answer 10

Lipid metabolism/detoxification takes place here

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Immune system role

Question 12

Lyso

Answer 12

breakdown

or cell phagocytosis

Question 13

What type of envelope surrounds a nucleus?

Answer 13

2 bilayer (double-membrane)

Question 14

What substance permeates the nuclear envelope with ease?

Answer 14

Steroid goes right into a cell membrane

Question 15

What cannot pass into the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 15

Water soluble

Question 16

What comes out of the nucleus?

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

What is the primary function of rough ER?

Answer 17

Protein synthesis

*protein folding and ER stress/inflammation

Question 18

What are the functions of smooth ER?

Answer 18

1. detoxification/lipid metabolism

2. Steroid hormone synthesis

Question 19

What are some key features of the Golgi complex?

Answer 19

1. Secretory vesicles
2. Cisternae

*flat sacs with a receiving (from the ER) & exiting side

Question 20

What are the functions of the Golgi complex?

Answer 20

REFINING PLANT = directs traffic

PSR (processes, secretes, & releases)

Question 21

What all passes through the Golgi Complex?

Answer 21

Lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes

Question 22

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 22

Intracellular digestion b/c lysosomes are acidic and DIGEST

Question 23

What functions do lysosomes play with cellular components?

Answer 23

Degradation & recycling of cellular components

can even breakdown mitochondria

Question 24

What process do lysosomes kill bacteria?

Answer 24

Phagocytosis through endocytosis (once engulfed, they present it on cell surface to promote antigen presentation)

Question 25

What are two examples of lysosomal storage diseases?

Answer 25

1. Pompe disease | 2. Tay-Sachs disease

Question 26

What is the target of Pompe disease?

Answer 26

Carbohydrate

Question 27

What is the target of Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 27

Lipid

Question 28

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 28

surrounded double membrane (inner/outer)

Question 29

Where is the mitochondria embryonically received?

Answer 29

Maternal

Question 30

How is the inner membrane surface area of mitochondria provided?

Answer 30

Cristae

Question 31

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 31

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 32

What is the function of the cytoskeleton of a cell?

Answer 32

Permits movement of substances via: 1. Microtubules 2. Microfilaments (Actin)

Question 33

How does Taxol affect the microtubules/microfilaments?

Answer 33

Causes mitotic arrest* STOPS*

Question 34

How do anesthetic drugs affect the microtubules/microfilaments?

Answer 34

Bind to tubulin proteins

Question 35

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 35

1. Selective transport system 2. Cell-to-cell communication (carbohydrates) 3. Cell-to-cell communication (protein receptors)

Question 36

What is the functional relationship between the plasma membrane and anesthesia?

Answer 36

It is the target of certain anesthetic agents (phospholipids, ion channels, receptor proteins)