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N 5245 Cell Biology > Slides only from lecture 1 2/16/15 > Flashcards

Slides only from lecture 1 2/16/15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some key features of prokaryotic cells?

A
  1. Nucleus - no nuclear membrane
  2. Glycocalyx - cell wall/capsule
  3. Cell wall
  4. Ribosomes - smaller than eukaryotic
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2
Q

What are some features of a eukaryotic cell?

A
  1. True nucleus consisting of BILAYER nuclear membrane and nucleoli
  2. No cell wall = animal cells
  3. Ribosomes - large size
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3
Q

Where does transcription take place?

Where does translation take place?

A

In the nucleus where DNA -> mRNA

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

What takes place in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid metabolism & detoxification

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5
Q

What is the primary roll of lysosomes?

lyso-?

A

immune system function

lyso - breakdown

Phagocytosis

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6
Q

What are the 4 structure comonents of the nucleus?

A
  1. nuclear envelope (double-membrane)
  2. Nucleolus (proteins and RNA)
  3. DNA (RRT)
  4. Histone proteins
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7
Q

What comes from the nucleolus?

A

Proteins + RNA

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8
Q

What occurs with the DNA?

A

Replication
Repair
Transcription

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9
Q

What are the 2 functions of the nucleus?

A
  1. Cell division

2. Control genetic information

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10
Q

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Tubular or saclike channels with two types

rough vs smooth

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11
Q

What are the functions of Rough ER?

A
  1. Protein synthesis

2. Protein folding + ER stress (inflammation)

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12
Q

What are the (2) functions of smooth ER?

A
  1. Detoxification/Lipid metabolism

2. Steroid hormone synthesis

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13
Q

What are the (3) structure features of the golgi complex?

A
  1. Flattened/smooth membranes
  2. Secretory vesicles and cisternae
  3. Proteins from ER are packaged here
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14
Q

What are the (3) functions of the golgi complex?

A
  1. Refining plant + directs traffic
  2. PSR (processes, secretes, and releases) substances especially from protein from cells
  3. LPGLE (Lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes) pass through the golgi
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15
Q

What is the structure of lysosomes?

A
  1. Saclike structures that originate from the golgi
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16
Q

What are the (5) functions of lysosomes?

A
  1. Intracellular digestion system (ACID HYDRoLASES)
  2. Degradation & recycling of cellular components (PLCNA [proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, & nucleic acids] can even breakdown mitochondria
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. Lysosomal storage diseases (Pompe/carbohydrate; Tay-Sachs/lipid)
  5. Gout - undigested uric acid accumulates in lysosomes to enzyme leakage to cell death.
17
Q

What are the 3 structure features of mitochondria?

A
  1. double membrane
  2. increased inner membrane surface area provided by CRISTAE.
  3. Contains DNA & RNA.
18
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

19
Q

What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Maintains the cell’s shape and internal organization

2. Permits movement of substances “within cell and movement of external projections (cilia; flagella)

20
Q

What are the 2 features of the cytoskeleton that helps the cell with shape/support/movement?

A
  1. Microtubules

2. Microfilaments

21
Q

2 key features of microtubules:

A
  1. asymmetric neuron morphology

2. form centrioles during division

22
Q

What gives the cell/tissue it’s shape and motility?

A

Microfilaments (Actin)

23
Q

What is the key function of the plasma to anesthetic agents?

A
  1. Anesthetic agents = phospholipids, ion channels, receptor proteins
  2. Selective transport system
  3. Cell-to-cell recognition (carbohydrates)
  4. Cell-to-cell communication (via protein receptors
24
Q

What is the classification of a phospholipid?

A

Amphipathic (two different ends one polar = hydrophilic (head) WATER SOLUBLE & non-polar = hydrophobic (tails) FAT SOLUBLE

25
Q

Plasma Membrane proteins enter the cell 6 different ways.

A
  1. Transport channel
  2. Enzyme
  3. Cell surface receptor
  4. Cell surface markers
  5. Cell adhesion
  6. Attachment of cytoskeleton
26
Q

Cell Polarity of Epithelial cells

A

???

27
Q

Anesthetic Implications Protein Receptors

A

Ability to selectively block/interact with receptors leads many effects of meds

Hydrophobicity = how well drug sits in plasma membrane

N 5245 Cell Biology (2 decks)

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