Slides only from lecture 1 2/16/15 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are some key features of prokaryotic cells?
- Nucleus - no nuclear membrane
- Glycocalyx - cell wall/capsule
- Cell wall
- Ribosomes - smaller than eukaryotic
What are some features of a eukaryotic cell?
- True nucleus consisting of BILAYER nuclear membrane and nucleoli
- No cell wall = animal cells
- Ribosomes - large size
Where does transcription take place?
Where does translation take place?
In the nucleus where DNA -> mRNA
rough endoplasmic reticulum
What takes place in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid metabolism & detoxification
What is the primary roll of lysosomes?
lyso-?
immune system function
lyso - breakdown
Phagocytosis
What are the 4 structure comonents of the nucleus?
- nuclear envelope (double-membrane)
- Nucleolus (proteins and RNA)
- DNA (RRT)
- Histone proteins
What comes from the nucleolus?
Proteins + RNA
What occurs with the DNA?
Replication
Repair
Transcription
What are the 2 functions of the nucleus?
- Cell division
2. Control genetic information
What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Tubular or saclike channels with two types
rough vs smooth
What are the functions of Rough ER?
- Protein synthesis
2. Protein folding + ER stress (inflammation)
What are the (2) functions of smooth ER?
- Detoxification/Lipid metabolism
2. Steroid hormone synthesis
What are the (3) structure features of the golgi complex?
- Flattened/smooth membranes
- Secretory vesicles and cisternae
- Proteins from ER are packaged here
What are the (3) functions of the golgi complex?
- Refining plant + directs traffic
- PSR (processes, secretes, and releases) substances especially from protein from cells
- LPGLE (Lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes) pass through the golgi
What is the structure of lysosomes?
- Saclike structures that originate from the golgi
What are the (5) functions of lysosomes?
- Intracellular digestion system (ACID HYDRoLASES)
- Degradation & recycling of cellular components (PLCNA [proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, & nucleic acids] can even breakdown mitochondria
- Phagocytosis
- Lysosomal storage diseases (Pompe/carbohydrate; Tay-Sachs/lipid)
- Gout - undigested uric acid accumulates in lysosomes to enzyme leakage to cell death.
What are the 3 structure features of mitochondria?
- double membrane
- increased inner membrane surface area provided by CRISTAE.
- Contains DNA & RNA.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Aerobic cellular respiration
What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?
- Maintains the cell’s shape and internal organization
2. Permits movement of substances “within cell and movement of external projections (cilia; flagella)
What are the 2 features of the cytoskeleton that helps the cell with shape/support/movement?
- Microtubules
2. Microfilaments
2 key features of microtubules:
- asymmetric neuron morphology
2. form centrioles during division
What gives the cell/tissue it’s shape and motility?
Microfilaments (Actin)
What is the key function of the plasma to anesthetic agents?
- Anesthetic agents = phospholipids, ion channels, receptor proteins
- Selective transport system
- Cell-to-cell recognition (carbohydrates)
- Cell-to-cell communication (via protein receptors
What is the classification of a phospholipid?
Amphipathic (two different ends one polar = hydrophilic (head) WATER SOLUBLE & non-polar = hydrophobic (tails) FAT SOLUBLE
