Test 1 Information

Question 1

How did Plato go against Protegorean Relativist Theory

Answer 1

Relalivists said everyone is right based on their own opinion. Plato said people can be wrong because opinions need justification

Question 2

Properties of the Forms

Answer 2

Objectivists say:
we are atuned to the form of things
highest form is the form of the good
form of the good= form that illuminates all of the forms

Question 3

3 Parts of the soul

Answer 3

Triparte Soul:

appetitive: bodily needs (lowest and most dangerous part)
spirited: emotions and the motivations
rational: rational desire for truth and understanding (most important)

Question 4

The Charioteer

Answer 4

rational part of the triparte soul. Keeps the appetive and spirited parts in line

Question 5

Ring of Gyges Story

Answer 5

the desire for the material object and power corrupted absolutely. Polluted the soul

Question 6

Plato’s feelings towards Democracy

Answer 6

very bad, it was responsible for his mentor’s death, situation unstable and chaotic

Question 7

why be moral

Answer 7

to have a healthy soul

Question 8

Triparte Society

Answer 8

producers (appetitive): makes/ provides goods and services
auxiliaries (spirited): physically protect societies/police
guardians (rational): leadership of society/philosopher kings

Question 9

why must knowledge be more than true belief

Answer 9

requires justification
some things are true, some are false
some can’t be right based on opinion

Question 10

Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtue Ethics

Answer 10

Advantages: flexible, positive, more attuned to human psychology, assesses character

Disadvantages: too relative, sufficiently action-guiding, human nature, egoistic

Question 11

Virute

Answer 11

a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, ie the mean relative to us, being determined by a rational principle and by that principle by which the person of practical wisdom would determine

State of character: habit

choice: act by reason of ignorance or in ignorance
willpower: ability to pick virtue over other vices

Question 12

the properties of Eudaimonia

Answer 12

Eudaimonia: well being
activity of the soul in accordance with virtue

well being, potential and virtue becomes actual

Question 13

The Properties of a True End

Answer 13

True Final End:
good in itself
objectively good: everyone ought to want it
compute: only thing you need
self sufficient: doesn’t need embellishment

Question 14

Human Nature

Answer 14

Mean Relative to Us, between two vices, deciding amongst vices to find a virtue (deciding by situation). Find a balance (ex: courage between rashness and cowardice)

Question 15

4 primary virtues

Answer 15

wisdom-reason in charge
courage- spirit directs itself
temperance-appetitive submits to the other two
justice-when you have all the other virtues

Question 16

Good Will Characteristics-

Answer 16

stable, committed to reason
good mental abilities and qualities of temperment such as courage and perseverance
The consequences do not make up the good will just as feelings don’t make it up

Question 17

3 Formulations of the Categorical Imperative

Answer 17

Categorical Imperative is to ignore desires and do the right thing.

• Universal Law-think less of consequences to you and think more of it as consequences to the rule
• Person’s as Ends- People have moral Worth
• Autonomous Legislator- Your will can regard itself

Question 18

Advantages and Disadvantages of Kantian Ethics

Answer 18

Advantages- Absolutist (single answer)

Disadvantages- Formalism, Rationalism, and Absolutism

Question 19

Psychological vs Ethical Hedonism

Answer 19

Psychological Hedonism- People do things for pleasure

Ethical Hedonism- People should do the right thing because it is the right thing to do

Question 20

GHGN

Answer 20

Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number

Question 21

Outlooks Bentham was dissatisfied with

Answer 21

asceticism
principles of sympathy and antipathy
pure egoism
pure altruism

Question 22

7 criteria of Utilitarianism

Answer 22

intensity
duration
certainty/uncertainty
propinquinty/remuteness
fecundity
purity
extent

Question 23

Act. Util v. Rule Util

Answer 23

Act-an act is only good if it provides as much good as any alternative

Rule-an act is right if it conforms to a rule that does the greatest good

Question 24

Advantages and Disadvantages of Consequentialism

Answer 24

advantage-
single answer
welfarism

Disadvantage-
greatest happiness or greatest number
happiness
bonded rationality
unjustness
compromise your integrity