Test 1 Gerontics Flashcards
What age is oldest-old?
85+
What is classified as middle-old?
76-84
Consists of socially shared patterns of behaviors and belief that seek to relate humans to the superhuman
Religion
Stresses the person’s subjective perception and experience of someone or something greater than him/herself
Spirituality
Context-specific control that is strongly associated with occupation
Self-efficacy
Demands of the environment (according to Lawton)
Environmental Press
Individual’s perception of physical and psychological well-being characterized by adequate physical capacity for accomplishment of desired activities, couple with overall satisfaction with one’s life situation
Wellness
An intervention approach that does not assume a disability is present or that any factors would interfere with performance
Health promotion
Approach type of OT in which the focus is on individuals at-risk for occupational performance problems
Prevention
The application of occupational science in the prevention of disease and disability and the promotion of health and well-being of individuals and communities through meaningful engagement in occupations
Preventative Occupation
Individuals who experience a sense of control over their circumstances
Perceived control
What is most effective in promoting a sense of well-being and physical health?
Problem-solving coping strategies
Data collected to determine priorities and formulate an action plan
Needs assessment
Monitoring the program’s process, impact, and outcomes to determine its effectiveness
Program evaluation
The measure of one’s ability to distinguish details of objects in motion and should play a supplemental role in providing a better overall picture of functional visual acuity, strongest correlation to driving record of older adult
Dynamic acuity
Ability to see a target when there is limited contrast between the target and the background
Contrast sensitivity
Ability to perceive the presence or movement of stimuli in the periphery beyond the area of immediate focus that constitutes one’s central vision
Peripheral vision
Responsible for coordinated use of extra-occular eye muscles necessary for binocular vision and the efficient performance of conjugate eye movements
Oculomotor skills
Monocular skill that allows one to judge distances away from the self and is important in driving to judge how close vehicle is to other vehicles
Depth perception
Global attention broken down into what?
Focused attention, sustained attention, selective attention
Capacity for mental flexibility, enables one to shift the focus of attention and move between tasks having different cognitive requirements
Alternating attention
Allocation of attention to monitor stimuli simultaneously or performing multiple component tasks at the same time, highest level of skill
Divided attention
Spatial area within which an individual can be quickly alerted to visual stimuli in a variety of situations
Useful field of view
Ability to store and recall meaning
Semantic memory
Ability to learn rule-based or automatic behavioral sequences such as motor skills, conditioned responses, and perceptual-motor tasks
Procedural memory
Ability to remember future intentions, reinforced through repetition
Prospective memory
Calendar year aging
Chronological aging
How old the body actually is aging term
Biological aging
One’s cognitive/emotional aging
Psychological aging
Aging according to expectations of society
Social aging
Why are men more likely to be older and married?
Women live longer so more commonly widowed
Age group most likely to live in poverty?
Under 18
Retirement age
67
Age group with lowest depression rates?
60+
Theory in which aging results from cellular changes?
Biological
Theory in which aging consists of mental function changes?
Psychological
Theory in which aging consists of changes in behaviors?
Sociological
The same activities are continued that were important in young adulthood (active when young, active when old)
Activity theory
Older adults disengage from activities as they prepare for death
Disengagement theory
Suggests people consider similar patterns of activity over time. (ex: young activities involve socializing so will older age activities)
Continuity theory
Theories that look at development over lifespan (Erinkson, Maslow)
Lifespan theories
Prevention and public health fund to support community-based health promotion and prevention
Affordable Care Act
What things were created from the Affordable Care Act?
National prevention, health promotion, public health council
Creating conditions that support health
Health promotion
More than a lack of disease; state of physical and mental balance
Wellness
Promoting healthy lifestyle
Prevention
Who is tier 1 for?
All people
Who is tier 2 for?
Those at risk
Who is tier 3 for?
Those with a disability
Who is primary prevention targeted at?
Healthy people
What is the target of secondary prevention?
Detection and early intervention
What does tertiary prevention target?
Advanced stages of disease
% of OTs in community based settings
Less than 2%
Common answer for greatest stressor?
Boredom
Common causes of falls?
Malnutrition and dehydration
How older adults learn
Gerogogy
Usually gerogogy is ________________
Self-directed
Older adults learn because they seek __________
Self-fufillment
Gerogogy involves a desire to _______
Know
Older adult learners are ________ motivated?
Internally
Cole’s 7 steps?
Intro, activity, sharing, processing, generalizing, application, summary
What snack should be avoided at the wellness session and why?
Carbs, many are diabetic… Also avoid saturated fats
Age-related cognitive changes are normal, but ____ is not?
Dementia
Age associated decline is expected by when?
6th decade of life
__________ of cognitive performance= greater in older adults than any other age group
Range
Processing of perceptual information slows with advancing age
Cognitive slowing
Adapting to and using new information
Fluid intelligence
Practical skills and knowledge of an individual (automatic)
Crystallized intelligence
Why is ST memory impaired in older adults?
Attention is impaired and attention is required for memory (LTMs are already stored but not STMs)
Links attention and formation of lasting memory tracks (storage and processing)
Working memory
Secondary memory
Long term memory
Difficulties with this may be cause of poor secondary memory
Encoding
What’s a good way to encode memories?
Restore them (pictures)
Cognitive declines may be related to declines in environmental stimulation that requires problem solving
Disuse theory
