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Psychology 201 > Test 1 (Excluding Quiz 1 Info) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Excluding Quiz 1 Info) Flashcards

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1
Q

Any characteristic or factor that can be different between objects

A

Variable

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2
Q

The specific procedures used to produce or measure the variable

A

Observational Variable

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3
Q

Numbers that represent observed variables

A

Data

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4
Q

Decision tools to analyze collected data to debate if the hypothesis is supported

A

Statistics

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5
Q

Who’s behavior is being observed in the study

A

Participants/Subjects

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6
Q

Complete set of items we are interested in studying

A

Population

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7
Q

A smaller group of objects from a defined population

A

Sample

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8
Q

A sample that has the same proportions as the population of all relevant variables

A

Representative Sample

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9
Q

Each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen

A

Simple Random Sample

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10
Q

A sample that doesn’t accurately reflect all members of the population

A

Biased Sample

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11
Q

Subjects that are easy to get

A

Convience Sample

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12
Q

The degree to which independent measures of a given behavior are consistent or are the same

A

Statistical Reliability

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13
Q

The degree to which an experiment or a variable measures what it is intended to measure

A

Statistical Validity

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14
Q

Observation is a normal and natural (typical) environment

Strength: Can get large amounts of descriptive data about behavior

Weakness: Observer bias, participant self-consciousness

A

Naturalistic Observation

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15
Q

Provides detailed descriptive reports of rare or interesting cases

Weakness: May show observer bias, memory distortion, or myth building

A

Case Study

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16
Q

A set of questions put to a number of participants asking about their beliefs, attitudes, preferences, or activities

A

Survey

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17
Q

Present a task or stimulus and invite a response

A

Clinical Method

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18
Q

Examining the relationships between two or more variables where the variables are typically not altered or controlled. Does NOT imply causation

A

Correlational Research

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19
Q

A statistical relationship between two variables that appears to be causal but is not

A

Spurious Correlation

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20
Q

Manipulation of one or more variables under controlled conditions so that changes in another variable can be observed

A

Experimental Research

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21
Q

The factor that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter

A

Indepdent Variable

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22
Q

The factor that is measured by the experimenter and that may be influenced by the independent variable

A

Dependent Variable

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23
Q

A factor that independently influences the dependent variable making it hard to understand how the IV effects the DV

A

Confounds

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24
Q

The group that is not exposed to the treatment

A

Control Group

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25
Q

The group that receives a treatment

A

Experimental Group

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26
Q

Assigning participants in an experiment to experimental and control groups through a random process

A

Random Assignment

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27
Q

A psychological phenomenon that occurs when a person’s health or behavior improves after taking a placebo or “dummy” treatment

A

Placebo Effect

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28
Q

Unsupported opinion pretending to be psychological science that does not use the scientific method

A

Psuedo-Psychology

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29
Q

Committees to protect thr rights of human research subjects and overseeing humane care of animal research

A

IRB (Human) IACUC (Animal)

30
Q

Describe or summarize the main characteristics of the sample

A

Descrptive Statistics

31
Q

Help us decide if characteristics seen in our sample reflect true differences

A

Inferential Statistics

32
Q

Indicates whether a measured relationship is due to chance, expressed in terms of probability

A

Statistical Significance

33
Q

The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

A

Axon

34
Q

The receiving or input portions of a neuron

A

Dendrites

35
Q

The cell body of a neuron

A

Cell Body (Soma)

36
Q

A cone-shaped part of a neuron that connects the axon to the cell body

A

Axon Hillock

37
Q

Small knobs at the end of a neuron’s axon that transmit signals to other neurons

A

Terminal Buttons

38
Q

Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that support and insulate neurons

A

Scwann Cells

39
Q

A fatty, insulating layer that wraps around nerve cells

A

Myelin Sheath

40
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath that cover the axons of nerves

A

Nodes of Ranvier

41
Q

The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell that allows signals to pass between them

A

Synapses

42
Q

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron

A

Synaptic Cleft

43
Q

Small organelles that store and release neurotransmitters in neurons

A

Synaptic Vesicle

44
Q

Helps to allow information to be communicated between neurons

A

Neurotransmitters

45
Q

Proteins on the neuron cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters

A

Receptors

46
Q

Send sensory information to CNS

A

Sensory Neurons

47
Q

Send messages from CNS to muscles

A

Motor Neurons

48
Q

A type of neuron that are located between sensory and motor neurons

A

Interneurons

49
Q

A cell’s membrane potential rapidly rises and then falls, creating an electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane

A

Action Potential

50
Q

A cell maintains a negative charge inside compared to the outside

A

Resting Potential

51
Q

How many neurons in the brain?

A

100 billion

52
Q

How many neural connections?

A

1 quadrillion

53
Q

Within the neuron, communication is done with:

A

Electrical signals driven by charged particles

54
Q

Substances that alter nerve impulses and the transmission of signals between neurons

A

Neuromodulators

55
Q

A process that increases the amount of neurotransmitter released by sensory neurons

A

Presynaptic Facilitation

56
Q

When nerve cells send signals with the same force regardless of the strength impulse causing them to fire

A

All or None Law

57
Q

Blocks receptor action
Ex. Curane

A

Antagonist

58
Q

Causes increased firing at receptor site
Ex. Morphine

A

Agonist

59
Q

The absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted

A

Reuptake

60
Q

Disorder caused by inadequate myelization

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

61
Q

CNS

A

made up of the brain and spinal cord.

62
Q

ANS

A

involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, and breathing

63
Q

PNS

A

a network of nerves that runs throughout the head, neck, and body

64
Q

SSNS

A

sensory information received from the body (like touch, sight, and sound)

65
Q

A part of the brain that controls balance, coordination, and other motor functions

A

Cerebellum

66
Q

The outermost layer of the brain, made up of gray matter and responsible for many of the brain’s functions

A

Cerebral Cortex

67
Q

Controls, personality, the way you think, how you move and how you remember things

A

Frontal Lobe

68
Q

Controls visual processing

A

Occipital Lobe

69
Q

Processes sensory information

A

Parietal Lobe

70
Q

Controls how you communicate with others, your ability to access memories, use language and process emotions

A

Temporal Lobe

Psychology 201 (3 decks)

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