Test 1 : Electromobility , alternative vehicles

Question 1

External cost of transport in EU27, Switzerland, and Norway

Answer 1

• 500 billion EUR/year in 2008
• 1,000 billion EUR/year in 2018
• Equivalent to 4% of GDP
• Costs of congestion: 146-243 billion EUR/year, 1-2% of GDP
• Share of different transport modes on total external costs in 2016 for EU28

Question 2

Pollution Chain Model

Answer 2

Demand&raquo_space;> mobility
Product&raquo_space;> car
Technology&raquo_space;> internal combustion engine
Emission&raquo_space;> hydrocarbon emission
Transmission&raquo_space;> transmission of exhaust fumes
Immission»> concentration of pollutants in urban air
Possible effect»> asthma
Damages&raquo_space;> health and economic damages

Question 3

Intervention into the Pollution Chain Model

Answer 3

Demand&raquo_space;> urban planning, closer workplaces
Product&raquo_space;> public transport (beside cars)
Technology&raquo_space;> electric cars
Emission&raquo_space;> using catalyzer
Transmission&raquo_space;> improved exhaust system of cars
Immission»> hydrocarbon absorbing plants
Possible effect»> medication
Damages&raquo_space;> compensation

Question 4

Energy use of transport in Hungary

Answer 4

• Reference year: 2010 = 100%
• Energy use of transport has not exceeded the rate of economic development since 2009
• Growth in energy use in transport sector has been lower than GDP growth

Question 5

White paper, 2011

Answer 5

• Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area
• European Commission adopted a roadmap of 40 concrete initiatives for the next decade
• Build a competitive transport system that will increase mobility, remove major barriers, fuel growth and employment
• Dramatically reduce Europe’s dependence on imported oil and cut carbon emissions in transport by 60% by 2050

Question 6

National Transport Strategy of Hungary

Answer 6

• Present situation: old, slowly changing, not energy-efficient vehicle fleet
• Interventions: reducing energy dependence, risk mitigation of extraordinary growth of fuel price
• Development tools: investments in reconstruction-rehabilitation to stop deterioration of infrastructure and vehicles, replacement program of rail passenger vehicles and buses

Question 7

Jedlik Ányos Plan

Answer 7

• Contains both financial and non-financial incentives that can positively influence the growth of the market and the spread of electrified transport
• Requires basic charging infrastructure, a new and intelligent system of measuring electricity used for charging, a financial mechanism
• The Hungarian E-Mobility Cluster “Ányos Jedlik” is committed to the development of electric mobility

Question 8

Hungarian Electromobility Strategy

Answer 8

• Global warming makes it necessary to bring decarbonisation technologies to the forefront and develop them
• Rapid development of energy storage technologies
• Automotive developments focus on hybrid and purely electric technologies

Question 9

National Bus Strategy, Green Bus Program

Answer 9

• Green bus pilot project to be launched by ITM in eight Hungarian cities
• State will provide HUF 800 million (2.2 million EUR) per city for purchase and marketing of electric buses
• One of the goals is for Hungarian share to reach 60% in bus production

Question 10

Budapest Suburban Railway Node Strategy

Answer 10

• Almost twice as many people would use the suburban railways if quantity and quality of service will be improved
• Southern Belt Railway and railway tunnel under the
  Danube to connect Kelenföld railway station on Buda side with Nyugati railway station on Pest side
• Capacity to cover not only suburban trains but also long-distance railway lines

Question 11

Challenges in rail sector

Answer 11

• Modernization of railway lines
• Modernization of vehicle fleet
• Electrification
• Hungarian rail network