Test 1: Drugs Acting on the Blood Flashcards
Microcytic anemia is usually seen in
________ and dogs
piglets
Why is microcytic anemia usually seen in
piglets?
Sow’s milk only has 1/7 of the daily iron requirement.
The rest is obtained from the soil.
Piglets must be supplemented in reproductive farms if no access to soil
_______ is needed for Iron absorption.
For iron: To get through the epithelial cell requires ____________.
To get into the blood stream requires
___________.
Copper is needed for Iron absorption.
Epithelial cell ferritin
Blood stream transferrin
Heavy metals (Cu and Fe)
______ cross the BBB
Heavy metals
WON’T
cross the BBB
Iron-Carb complexes (Iron Dextran)
are given _____ in emergencies, while
Ferrous Chloride/Phosphate/Sulfate
are given ______ in stable anemics
Iron Dextran- IV for emergencies
Ferrous Cl/Phos/Sulf- orally in stable anemics
Inorganic Fe: Ferrous is _______
astringent and irritating than
ferric
LESS
What is the antidote for an overdose in iron drugs used to
treat Microcytic Anemia:
Iron Dextran
Ferrous Chl/Phos/Sulf
Chelating agent to bind Fe
What is the drug of choice in treatment of
Normocytic Anemia
caused by Chronic Renal Failure
or
Bone Marrow Suppression?
Erythropoietin
What G-CSF stimulates the progenitors of
neutrophils ONLY
and is used in treatment of anticancer drug induced
neutropenia?
Filgrastim
What GM-CSF is non-specific, can cause
cardiopulmonary toxicity,
and is used in treatment of anticancer drug induced
neutropenia?
Sargramostim (leukine)
Tannic acid and Ferric chloride
are in this category of
Local Hemostatics (Styptics)
Astringents
Which local hemostatic drug (styptic) is a
vasoconstrictor used most commonly to control bleeding and can be applied topically?
Epinephrine
Which hemostatic vasoconstrictive drug has benzocaine
with it to act as a local anesthetic?
Clot-It-Plus
Which local hemostatic (styptic) drug
acts on alpha-1 receptors to induce
vasoconstriction?
Epinephrine
Epinephrine is a hemostatic agent (styptic)
that acts on alpha-1 receptors
and the _______________
of benzocaine?
ESTER-conformation
What is the major adverse effect seen with
astringent styptic agents like
Tannic Acid (coffee/tea)
and
Ferric chloride?
Constipation
Systemic hemostatic, Vitamin K1, is also known as
_________
and is of plant origin
Phytonadinone
Which systemic hemostatic agent
is used as an antidote to
Warfarin poisoning (rat poison)?
Vit K1
Vitamin K is usually given
by these two routes
IM or SC
Which type of Vit K is contraindicated in
horses due to its ability to cause renal failure in horses
as well as contraindicated in Warfarin poisoning?
K3
A functioning ________ is vital for
Vit K treatment efficacy
LIVER
All hail the mighty liver!
Which systemic hemostatic agent is the
specific antidote
for Heparin and is given slowly IV?
Protamine sulfate
Which hemostatic agent, if given as an overdose,
can actually cause increased bleeding?
Protamine sulfate
This hemostatic agent inhibits the conversion of
plasminogen → plasmin,
antagonizes the fibrinolytic actions of
thrombolytic agents,
and is used to treat German Shepherds with
degenerative myelopathy?
Aminocaproic Acid
This hemostatic drug that only lasts 2 hours,
increases vWF levels in dogs to control bleeding,
and is used in treatment of
VonWillibrand’s Disease and Central Diabetes Insipidus
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
This hemostatic agent has LESS
V1 effects (vasoconstriction) and
MORE V2 effects (anti-diuretic) effects
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
What is the anticoagulative drug of choice
in pregnant animals?
Heparin
This anticoagulant is only given IV or SC
and activates AT3 which inhibits
thrombin (2a) and coagulatation factors
(9a,10a,11a,12a)
Heparin
How do you treat Heparin toxicity?
Use protamine sulfate
to treat the main toxic effect of Heparin, which is bleeding
What is the competitive antagonist of Vit K
and works by inhibiting Vit K epoxide reductase?
Warfarin
Which anticoagulant crosses the placenta
and is excreted in milk?
Warfarin
What is the specific antidote of Warfarin toxicity?
Vit K1
Which anticoagulant inhibits the
activation of
Factors 2 (prothrombin), 7, 9, &10 ?
Warfarin
Which thrombolytic agent binds specifically to
plasminogen (which is bound to fibrin)
in order to dissolve the clot?
tPA (Alteplase)
What drug is an antagonist that blocks the conversion of
Plasminogen → Plasmin
caused by these thrombolytic agents:
Streptokinase
Urokinase
tPA
Anistreplase
Aminocaproic Acid
Low doses of Aspirin inhibit synthesis of
______ by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxegenase
while
High doses of Aspirin inhibits _______ &
_______, which is not as beneficial because it
can lead to platelet aggregation?
Low doses TXA2
High doses PG12 and TXA2
Which antiplatelet drug inhibits phosphodiesterase and increased cAMP to stop the release of granules that cause platelet aggregation?
Dipyridamole
Abciximab blocks this receptor
in order to prevent fibrinogen binding to platelets
GPIIb/IIIa
Another name for Lepirudin, an anti-platelet drug,
is
Antithrombin!
Which antiplatelet drug can be used in cats
to prevent thromboembolism?
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Which drugs are used to TREAT acute cases
of thromboembolism in cats?
Heparin
Streptokinase
Vasodilators
Which drugs are used to PREVENT
thromboembolism in cats?
Aspirin
Warfarin
What is the chelating agent for iron toxicosis?
Deferoxamine
What is the chelating agent for copper toxicosis?
Penicillamine
Which anticoagulant can be teratogenic, causing
bone defects?
Warfarin
