Test 1: Drugs Acting on the Blood

Question 1

Microcytic anemia is usually seen in

________ and dogs

Answer 1

piglets

Question 2

Why is microcytic anemia usually seen in

piglets?

Answer 2

Sow’s milk only has 1/7 of the daily iron requirement.

The rest is obtained from the soil.

Piglets must be supplemented in reproductive farms if no access to soil

Question 3

_______ is needed for Iron absorption.

For iron: To get through the epithelial cell requires ____________.

To get into the blood stream requires

___________.

Answer 3

Copper is needed for Iron absorption.

Epithelial cell ferritin

Blood stream transferrin

Question 4

Heavy metals (Cu and Fe)

______ cross the BBB

Answer 4

Heavy metals

WON’T

cross the BBB

Question 5

Iron-Carb complexes (Iron Dextran)

are given _____ in emergencies, while

Ferrous Chloride/Phosphate/Sulfate

are given ______ in stable anemics

Answer 5

Iron Dextran- IV for emergencies

Ferrous Cl/Phos/Sulf- orally in stable anemics

Question 6

Inorganic Fe: Ferrous is _______

astringent and irritating than

ferric

Answer 6

LESS

Question 7

What is the antidote for an overdose in iron drugs used to

treat Microcytic Anemia:

Iron Dextran

Ferrous Chl/Phos/Sulf

Answer 7

Chelating agent to bind Fe

Question 8

What is the drug of choice in treatment of

Normocytic Anemia

caused by Chronic Renal Failure

or

Bone Marrow Suppression?

Answer 8

Erythropoietin

Question 9

What G-CSF stimulates the progenitors of

neutrophils ONLY

and is used in treatment of anticancer drug induced

neutropenia?

Answer 9

Filgrastim

Question 10

What GM-CSF is non-specific, can cause

cardiopulmonary toxicity,

and is used in treatment of anticancer drug induced

neutropenia?

Answer 10

Sargramostim (leukine)

Question 11

Tannic acid and Ferric chloride

are in this category of

Local Hemostatics (Styptics)

Answer 11

Astringents

Question 12

Which local hemostatic drug (styptic) is a

vasoconstrictor used most commonly to control bleeding and can be applied topically?

Answer 12

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which hemostatic vasoconstrictive drug has benzocaine

with it to act as a local anesthetic?

Answer 13

Clot-It-Plus

Question 14

Which local hemostatic (styptic) drug

acts on alpha-1 receptors to induce

vasoconstriction?

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

Epinephrine is a hemostatic agent (styptic)

that acts on alpha-1 receptors

and the _______________

of benzocaine?

Answer 15

ESTER-conformation

Question 16

What is the major adverse effect seen with

astringent styptic agents like

Tannic Acid (coffee/tea)

and

Ferric chloride?

Answer 16

Constipation

Question 17

Systemic hemostatic, Vitamin K1, is also known as

_________

and is of plant origin

Answer 17

Phytonadinone

Question 18

Which systemic hemostatic agent

is used as an antidote to

Warfarin poisoning (rat poison)?

Answer 18

Vit K1

Question 19

Vitamin K is usually given

by these two routes

Answer 19

IM or SC

Question 20

Which type of Vit K is contraindicated in

horses due to its ability to cause renal failure in horses

as well as contraindicated in Warfarin poisoning?

Answer 20

K3

Question 21

A functioning ________ is vital for

Vit K treatment efficacy

Answer 21

LIVER

All hail the mighty liver!

Question 22

Which systemic hemostatic agent is the

specific antidote

for Heparin and is given slowly IV?

Answer 22

Protamine sulfate

Question 23

Which hemostatic agent, if given as an overdose,

can actually cause increased bleeding?

Answer 23

Protamine sulfate

Question 24

This hemostatic agent inhibits the conversion of

plasminogen → plasmin,

antagonizes the fibrinolytic actions of

thrombolytic agents,

and is used to treat German Shepherds with

degenerative myelopathy?

Answer 24

Aminocaproic Acid

Question 25

This hemostatic drug that only lasts 2 hours, increases vWF levels in dogs to control bleeding, and is used in treatment of VonWillibrand's Disease and Central Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 25

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Question 26

This hemostatic agent has LESS V1 effects (vasoconstriction) and MORE V2 effects (anti-diuretic) effects

Answer 26

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Question 27

What is the anticoagulative drug of choice in pregnant animals?

Answer 27

Heparin

Question 28

This anticoagulant is only given IV or SC and activates AT3 which inhibits thrombin (2a) and coagulatation factors (9a,10a,11a,12a)

Answer 28

Heparin

Question 29

How do you treat Heparin toxicity?

Answer 29

Use protamine sulfate to treat the main toxic effect of Heparin, which is bleeding

Question 30

What is the **competitive antagonist** of Vit K and works by inhibiting *Vit K epoxide reductase*?

Answer 30

Warfarin

Question 31

Which anticoagulant crosses the placenta and is excreted in milk?

Answer 31

Warfarin

Question 32

What is the specific antidote of Warfarin toxicity?

Answer 32

Vit K1

Question 33

Which anticoagulant inhibits the activation of Factors 2 (prothrombin), 7, 9, &10 ?

Answer 33

Warfarin

Question 34

Which thrombolytic agent binds specifically to plasminogen (which is bound to fibrin) in order to dissolve the clot?

Answer 34

tPA (Alteplase)

Question 35

What drug is an antagonist that blocks the conversion of Plasminogen → Plasmin caused by these thrombolytic agents: Streptokinase Urokinase tPA Anistreplase

Answer 35

Aminocaproic Acid

Question 36

Low doses of Aspirin inhibit synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_\_ by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxegenase while High doses of Aspirin inhibits _______ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is not as beneficial because it can lead to platelet aggregation?

Answer 36

Low doses _TXA2_ High doses _PG12_ and _TXA2_

Question 37

Which antiplatelet drug inhibits phosphodiesterase and increased cAMP to stop the release of granules that cause platelet aggregation?

Answer 37

Dipyridamole

Question 38

Abciximab blocks this receptor in order to prevent fibrinogen binding to platelets

Answer 38

GPIIb/IIIa

Question 39

Another name for Lepirudin, an anti-platelet drug, is

Answer 39

Antithrombin!

Question 40

Which antiplatelet drug can be used in cats to *prevent* thromboembolism?

Answer 40

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Question 41

Which drugs are used to TREAT acute cases of thromboembolism in cats?

Answer 41

Heparin Streptokinase Vasodilators

Question 42

Which drugs are used to PREVENT thromboembolism in cats?

Answer 42

Aspirin Warfarin

Question 43

What is the chelating agent for iron toxicosis?

Answer 43

Deferoxamine

Question 44

What is the chelating agent for copper toxicosis?

Answer 44

Penicillamine

Question 45

Which anticoagulant can be teratogenic, causing bone defects?

Answer 45

Warfarin