Test 1- Definitions

Question 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of tissue damage, or both

Answer 1

Pain- International Association of the Study of Pain (IASP)

Question 2

Specific pain receptors transmit signals to a “pain center” in the brain that produces the perception of pain.
Does not account for the wide range of psychological factors that affect our perception of pain.

Answer 2

Specificity Theory

Question 3

Pain signals are sent to the brain only when stimuli sum together to produce a specific combination or pattern.
Does not posit specialized receptors for pain nor does it see the brain as having control over the perception of pain. The brain is merely viewed as a message recipient.

Answer 3

Pattern Theory

Question 4

This theory can account for both “top-down” brain influences on pain perception as well asthe effects of other tactile stimuli in appearing to reduce pain.

Answer 4

Gate Theory

Question 5

There is a “gate” or control system in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord through which all information regarding pain must pass before reaching the brain. The Substantia Gelatinosa in the dorsal horn controls whether the gate is open or closed. An “open gate” means that the transmission cells can carry signals to the brain where pain is perceived; a “closed gate” stops the t-cells from firing and no pain signal is sent to brain.

Answer 5

Gate Theory

Question 6

Perception of ordinarily nonnoxious stimulus as pain

Answer 6

Allodynia

Question 7

Absence of pain

Answer 7

Analgesia

Question 8

Absence of all sensation

Answer 8

Anesthesia

Question 9

Pain in an area that lacks sensation

Answer 9

Anesthesia Dolorosa

Question 10

Unpleasant or abnormal sensation with or without a stimulus

Answer 10

Dysesthesia

Question 11

Diminished response to noxious stimulation

Answer 11

Hypalgesia (hypoalgesia)-

Question 12

Increased response to noxious stimuli

Answer 12

Hyperalgesia

Question 13

Presence of hyperesthesia, allodynia, and hyperalgesia usually associated with overreaction, and persistence of the sensation after the stimulus

Answer 13

Hyperpathia

Question 14

Reduced cutaneous sensation

Answer 14

Hypesthesia (hypoesthesia)

Question 15

Pain in the distribution of a nerve or a group of nerves

Answer 15

Neuralgia

Question 16

Abnormal sensation perceived without an apparent stimulus

Answer 16

Paresthesia

Question 17

Functional abnormality of one or more nerve roots

Answer 17

Radiculopathy

Question 18

3 core elements of pain treatment

Answer 18

1. Rehab
2. Pain management (meds)
3. Psychological treatment

Question 19

Through which tract do pain signal ascend to the brain?

Answer 19

Spinothalamic tract

Question 20

Through which descendng tract to action potentials travel to modulate the pain signal?

Answer 20

Dorsolateral Funiculus

Question 21

Describe superficial somatic pain

Answer 21

Well localized-sharp, pricking, throbbing, burning

Sensed: skin, subQ, mucous membranes

Question 22

Describe deep somatic pain and locate where it is sensed

Answer 22

Less well localized, dull, aching

Sensed: muscles, tendons, joints, bones

Question 23

How many types of visceral pain are there, and what are they called?

Answer 23

1. True localized visceral
2. True localized parietal
3. Referred visceral
4. Referred parietal

Question 24

Describe true (localized) visceral pain

Answer 24

Dull, diffuse, and midline.

Think deep within your gut

Question 25

Describe true (localized) parietal pain

Answer 25

Sharp and localized

Question 26

Where does referred visceral pain originate?

To where is the pain referred?

Answer 26

Involves the peritoneum or pleura over the central diaphragm.
Pain is referred to the neck and shoulder.

Question 27

Where does referred parietal pain originate?

To where is the pain referred?

Answer 27

Involves the parietal surfaces of the peripheral diaphragm.

Pain is referred to the chest or upper abdominal wall.

Question 28

Pain which persists beyond the usual course of an acute disease or after a reasonable time for healing to occur (period varies from 1-6 months).

Answer 28

Chronic pain

Question 29

This type of pain is classically spontaneous, has a burning sensation, and is associated with hyperpathia

Answer 29

Neuropathic pain

Question 30

Pain which is caused by noxious stimulation due to injury, a disease process, or abnormal function of muscle or viscera. And is nearly always nociceptive.

Answer 30

Acute pain

Question 31

What are the two types of acute pain?

Answer 31

Visceral and Somatic

Question 32

Which nociceptors respond to inflammation? Where are they located?

Answer 32

Silent nociceptors.

Located in visceral organs.