Test 1- Definitions Flashcards
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of tissue damage, or both
Pain- International Association of the Study of Pain (IASP)
Specific pain receptors transmit signals to a “pain center” in the brain that produces the perception of pain.
Does not account for the wide range of psychological factors that affect our perception of pain.
Specificity Theory
Pain signals are sent to the brain only when stimuli sum together to produce a specific combination or pattern.
Does not posit specialized receptors for pain nor does it see the brain as having control over the perception of pain. The brain is merely viewed as a message recipient.
Pattern Theory
This theory can account for both “top-down” brain influences on pain perception as well asthe effects of other tactile stimuli in appearing to reduce pain.
Gate Theory
There is a “gate” or control system in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord through which all information regarding pain must pass before reaching the brain. The Substantia Gelatinosa in the dorsal horn controls whether the gate is open or closed. An “open gate” means that the transmission cells can carry signals to the brain where pain is perceived; a “closed gate” stops the t-cells from firing and no pain signal is sent to brain.
Gate Theory
Perception of ordinarily nonnoxious stimulus as pain
Allodynia
Absence of pain
Analgesia
Absence of all sensation
Anesthesia
Pain in an area that lacks sensation
Anesthesia Dolorosa
Unpleasant or abnormal sensation with or without a stimulus
Dysesthesia
Diminished response to noxious stimulation
Hypalgesia (hypoalgesia)-
Increased response to noxious stimuli
Hyperalgesia
Presence of hyperesthesia, allodynia, and hyperalgesia usually associated with overreaction, and persistence of the sensation after the stimulus
Hyperpathia
Reduced cutaneous sensation
Hypesthesia (hypoesthesia)
Pain in the distribution of a nerve or a group of nerves
Neuralgia
Abnormal sensation perceived without an apparent stimulus
Paresthesia
Functional abnormality of one or more nerve roots
Radiculopathy
3 core elements of pain treatment
- Rehab
- Pain management (meds)
- Psychological treatment
Through which tract do pain signal ascend to the brain?
Spinothalamic tract
Through which descendng tract to action potentials travel to modulate the pain signal?
Dorsolateral Funiculus
Describe superficial somatic pain
Well localized-sharp, pricking, throbbing, burning
Sensed: skin, subQ, mucous membranes
Describe deep somatic pain and locate where it is sensed
Less well localized, dull, aching
Sensed: muscles, tendons, joints, bones
How many types of visceral pain are there, and what are they called?
- True localized visceral
- True localized parietal
- Referred visceral
- Referred parietal
Describe true (localized) visceral pain
Dull, diffuse, and midline.
Think deep within your gut
Describe true (localized) parietal pain
Sharp and localized
Where does referred visceral pain originate?
To where is the pain referred?
Involves the peritoneum or pleura over the central diaphragm.
Pain is referred to the neck and shoulder.
Where does referred parietal pain originate?
To where is the pain referred?
Involves the parietal surfaces of the peripheral diaphragm.
Pain is referred to the chest or upper abdominal wall.
Pain which persists beyond the usual course of an acute disease or after a reasonable time for healing to occur (period varies from 1-6 months).
Chronic pain
This type of pain is classically spontaneous, has a burning sensation, and is associated with hyperpathia
Neuropathic pain
Pain which is caused by noxious stimulation due to injury, a disease process, or abnormal function of muscle or viscera. And is nearly always nociceptive.
Acute pain
What are the two types of acute pain?
Visceral and Somatic
Which nociceptors respond to inflammation? Where are they located?
Silent nociceptors.
Located in visceral organs.
