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Science Grade 10 > Test 1 (Chemistry) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chemistry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Pure substance?

A

Pure substances are any single type of material.

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2
Q

What is a Mixed substance?

A

A mixture substance is a type of substance containing more than one kind of particle.

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3
Q

What is Matter?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

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4
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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5
Q

Two things chemistry can teach us

A
  1. How to change substances into a new and useful product.

2. How to carry out these changes in a socially and environmentally responsible way.

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6
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A physical property is a description of a substance that may help identify it. Physical properties are observed using the senses (sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing) and measuring devices.

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7
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A chemical property is when a substance becomes a new substance.

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8
Q

List and describe four chemical properties

A
  1. Reaction of an acid with a base- Acids and bases will combine in a neutralization reaction.
  2. Flammability- How easily a substance will burn if ignited.
  3. Bleaching ability- The ability to break down pigment.
  4. Corrosion- The ability of a chemical to corrode or rust.
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9
Q

List and describe 8 physical properties

A
  1. Color- Black, white, red, etc.
  2. Texture- Fine, coarse, smooth, gritty, etc.
  3. Odor- Odorless, spicy, sharp, burnt, etc.
  4. Lustre- Shiny, dull, etc.
  5. Clarity- Clear, cloudy, opaque, etc.
  6. Taste- Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, etc.
  7. Hardness- Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented.
  8. State- Solid, liquid, gas.
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10
Q

What is physical change? Give an example.

A

A change that dose not produce a new substance.Most physical changes are easy to reverse. Ex,water changes its state to a solid when it freezes.

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11
Q

Describe how some physical changes can be reversed and others can’t.

A

Dissolving sugar into water can be easily reversed by evaporating off the water. However, sharpening a pencil can not be reversed.

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12
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Chemical change is when the original substance is changed into one or more new substances.The new substances have different properties from the original substance. Most chemical changes are difficult to reverse.

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13
Q

There are five possible pieces of evidence of a chemical change. List them.

A
  1. A new color appears
  2. Heat or light is produced
  3. Bubbles or gas are formed.
  4. A solid material (a precipitate) forms in a liquid.
  5. Change in odor
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14
Q

Most chemical changes cannot be reversed. Give an example of when a chemical change can be reversed.

A

One example of a chemical change being reversed is a rechargeable battery.

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15
Q

The solvents in house paint allow the paint to flow smoothly onto a surface. Once paint is exposed to the air, these solvents evaporate and the paint dries. It is the job of a paint chemist to select the most suitable solvents

(a) What chemical and physical properties should these solvents have?
(b) What other characteristics should the ideal solvents have?

A

A) inflammable, non-corrosive, shouldn’t react to paint

B) liquid, good viscosity, colourless

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16
Q

What is WHMIS?

A 
Workplace 
Hazardous 
Materials
Information
System
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17
Q

Why is worker training an essential part of WHMIS?

A

Working training is an essential part of WHMIS because it helps people understand the product label which tells the worker about the danger of the product.

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18
Q

When is a workplace label required?

A

A workplace label is required when hazardous products are transferred to other containers that workers use.

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19
Q

Where might a consumer find MSDS information for consumer products such as household bleach and paint thinner?

A

A consumer can find the WHMIS information for household products on the container itself or simply online.

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20
Q

Consumers who buy cleaning products at the supermarket rely on the product label for safety information. What additional information is required if this product is to be used in a workplace?

A

Some additional information required if the product is to be used in a workplace is a WHMIS product label, MSDS, and workers training.

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21
Q

Group 1: Alkali Metals (physical and chemical properties)

A

Physical properties: shiney, silvery, soft

Chemical properties: highly reactive, reacts violently with water

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22
Q

Group 2: Alkaline earth metals (physical and chemical properties)

A

Physical properties: shiney, silvery, not as soft as group 1

Chemical properties: Burn with bright colorful flame

23
Q

Group 17: Halogens (physical and chemical properties)

A

Physical properties: come in all 3 states (solid, liquid, gas)
Chemical properties: very reactive, rarely found in element form. Often forms compounds with Alkali metals.

24
Q

Group 18: Nabel gases (physical and chemical properties)

A

Physical properties: colourless, odorless, tasteless, glow brightly when electric current passes through.
Chemical properties: very stable, non-toxic

25
Q

Rows of the periodic table are called —————

A

PERIODS

26
Q

Elements in the same horizontal row of periodic table show some trends of increasing and decreasing —————-

A

reactivity

27
Q

Are Metalloids a metal or non-metal?

A

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Metalloids are located in between the metals and non-metals along a staircase that separates the metals and non-metals.

28
Q

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of the alkali metals?

A

All alkali metals have 1 electron in their outer shell.

29
Q

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of the alkaline earth metals?

A

They have 2 electrons in their outermost shell.

30
Q

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of the noble gases?

A

They have 8 electrons in their outermost shell.

31
Q

How many electrons would be in the outermost shell of the halogens?

A

They have 7 electrons in their outermost shell.

32
Q

Why are the halogens very reactive?

A

Halogens are very reactive because they will do anything to gain or lose any electron to become a noble gas.

33
Q

Why are the noble gases non-reactive

A

Noble gases are non- reactive because they have a full valence shell, so they do not react with other

34
Q

What information on the periodic table lets you predict the number of electrons in an atom?

A

The amount of electrons let’s you predict the number of protons in a atomic number.

35
Q

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

A

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of negatively charged electrons in them are equal to the number of positively charged protons within the nucleus.

36
Q

Distinguish between a cation and an anion.

A

Cation: cations are positively charged ions. They are formed when a metal loses its electrons. Ex, cations are calcium (Ca2+)

Anion: anions are negatively charged ions. They are formed when non- metal gains the electrons. Ex, Iodide (I1-)

37
Q

What kinds of elements combine to form ionic compounds?

A

To make an ionic compound you have to combine one or more positive metals and one or more negative non- metal elements.

38
Q

Explain why two non-metallic elements are not likely to

form ionic bonds.

A

2 non- metals are not likely to bond because you have to gain electrons for a non- metal to form another element in order to be neutral. When you have two non metals both need to gain electrons so it would be very unlikely to form ionic bonds

39
Q

Molecular compound

A

A pure substance formed from two or more non-metals

40
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond formed from the sharing of outer electrons between non-metals

41
Q

Molecule

A

A particle in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds

42
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

A molecule made up of only two atoms (same or different elements)

43
Q

What are Polyatomic Ions?

A

an ion made up of more than one atom that acts as a single particle.

44
Q

The word “polyatomic” comes from “poly”

which means ————————-

A

Many

45
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

46
Q

Period

A

a row of elements in the periodic table

47
Q

Group

A

a column of elements in the periodic table with similar properties

48
Q

Compound

A

a pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

49
Q

Ion

A

a charged particle that results when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons

50
Q

Ionic bond

A

the simultaneous strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound

51
Q

Electrolyte

A

a compound that separates into ions when it dissolves in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity

52
Q

Bohr-Rutherford diagram

A

a model representing the arrangement of electrons in orbits around the nucleus of an atom

53
Q

Ionic compound

A

a compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal
ions (anions)

Science Grade 10 (2 decks)

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