Test 1 Chapter 1

Question 1

1. In chapter 1, what is to create knowledge that clarifies a particular aspect of the world around us?

Answer 1

Scientific Inquiry

Question 2

2. In chapter 1, what is the process of examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis?

Answer 2

Scientific Method

Question 3

3. In chapter 1, what is the fundamental assumption of scientific inquiry is that life is not totally chaotic or random but has logical and persistent patterns of regularity?

Answer 3

Positivism

Question 4

4. In chapter 1, what is related to the logical aspect of science and is used as a framework to guide the understanding and explanation of patterns of regularity in life?

Answer 4

Scientific Theory

Question 5

5. In chapter 1, what is the approach used in scientific inquiry to discover the patterns of regularity in life?

Answer 5

Empiricism

Question 6

6. In chapter 1, what is uninfluenced by personal feelings, conjectures, or preferences?

Answer 6

Objectivity

Question 7

7. In chapter 1, what is always considering the interests of the study subjects?

Answer 7

Ethical Standards

Question 8

8. In chapter 1, what is the rational study of the universe via rules or laws of natural order?

Answer 8

Natural Science

Question 9

9. In chapter 1, what studies human behavior and social phenomena?

Answer 9

Social Science

Question 10

10. In chapter 1, what is normative in that it reflects a general perspective, a fundamental model or scheme that breaks down the complexity of reality and organizes our views?

Answer 10

Paradigm

Question 11

11. In chapter 1, what emphasizes theory as guidance for research?

Answer 11

Deductive Process

Question 12

12. In chapter 1, what stresses research as impetus for theory?

Answer 12

Inductive Process

Question 13

13. In chapter 1, what are intangible or nonconcrete characteristics or qualities with respect to which individuals or populations differ?

Answer 13

Constructs

Question 14

14. In chapter 1, what is it when subjects feel self-conscious and alter their behavior, either consciously or unconsciously?

Answer 14

Reactivity

Question 15

15. In chapter 1, what is the reactive effect of research on the social phenomena, derived from the study of workers assembling telephone relays in the Western Electric Company in Chicago?

Answer 15

Hawthorne Effect

Question 16

16. In chapter 1, what is the belief in the presence of a promising treatment (even though it is in fact an inert substance) creates a real result?

Answer 16

Placebo

Question 17

17. In chapter 1, what is a measure to improve objectivity, when a group of scientists independently agree on the results of a given observation, validity is enhanced?

Answer 17

Peer Review

Question 18

18. In chapter 1, what is the panel of persons that reviews research plans with respect to ethical implications, makes sure this is done properly and decides whether additional actions need to be taken?

Answer 18

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 19

19. In chapter 1, what is especially important among “captive audiences,” where no one is coerced into participating in research?

Answer 19

Voluntary Participation

Question 20

20. In chapter 1, what is it when participants in a study are made fully aware of the procedures and risks involved in the research?

Answer 20

Informed Consent

Question 21

21. In chapter 1, what is it when an experimental treatment or program may have beneficial effects, persons assigned to the no-treatment control should be provided equal access to the benefits?

Answer 21

Right to Service

Question 22

22. In chapter 1, what is it when participants in a study remain anonymous throughout the study, even to the researchers?

Answer 22

Anonymity

Question 23

23. In chapter 1, what is it when identifying information will not be made available to anyone not directly involved in the study?

Answer 23

Confidentiality

Question 24

24. In chapter 1, what are suppositions that are not yet tested but are considered true?

Answer 24

Assumptions