Test 1 (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Long chains of building blocks from which proteins are made are called
amino acids
The hardest substance in the body
enamel
regulates blood sugar
islets of Langerhans
what is often added to vegetable oils to change the oil from liquid to solid or semisolid?
hydrogen
lip-,lipo-
means “fat or fatty”
Which food group goes in #49 on the food guide category?
vegetables
What are saturated fats?
usually animal fats; most are solid at room temperature
hepat-,hepato-
refers to the liver
The general term for fatlike substances that are typically insoluble in water
lipid
Which food group goes in #47 on the food guide category?
grains
A doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system
gastroenterologist
peri-
means “surrounding or enclosing”
-ose
refers to sugar or carboyhydrate
en-,end-,endo-
means “in, inside, or within”
The endocrine gland that is sometimes called the “master gland”
pituitary gland
The common unit for measuring the energy value of foods
kilocalorie (or calorie)
The “emergency action” hormone which prepares the body for stressful situations when strenght and endurance are required
epinephrine (or adrenaline)
regulates metabolsim
thyroid
-logy
means “science” or “study”
Saturated fats, including hydrogenated oils can cause what?
high cholestorol levels
Two vitamins that function as antioxidants
Vitamins C and E
A doctor who provides primary care for infants and children
pediatrician
The structure that forms between the mother and unborn baby and does the work of several organs
placenta
What types of fats are better for your health?
unsaturated
A doctor who treats diseases of the teeth and gums
dentist
What is the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories the food contains
nutrient density
The body’s largest internal organ
liver
The body’s main source of energy should come from what?
carbohydrates
regulates blood calcium
parathyroid and thyroid
What are polyunsaturated fats
contain linoleci acid, an essential fatty acid
The tissue surrounding a tooth that holds it in place and protects its roots from decay
gingiva
macro-
means “large”
regulates sleep
pineal
Name the parts of the digestive tract in the order that the food passes through it.
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small instestine
colon
rectum
Which food group goes in #50 on the food guide category?
protein
stimulates growth
pituitary
Which food group goes in #46 on the food guide category?
fruits
dent, dont
tooth
What are unsaturated fats?
found in vegetables and fish oils; most are liquid at room temperature
The name for a developing child that is recognizable as a miniature baby from the second month until birth
fetus
What is the physical and chemical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy?
metabolism
Elevated blood cholesterol can cause what?
a buildup of plague inside blood vessels.
gastro-
refers to the stomach
The movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream
absorption
Substances that neutrallize harmful molecules called free radicals
antioxidants
The visible part of a tooth
crown
What is the transitional change from childhood into adulthood
adolescence
entero-
refers to the intestines
Besides proteins and fats, what else provides the most of they body’s nutitional needs?
carbohydrates
Which food group goes in #48 on the food guide category?
dairy
What is the physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use?
digestion
