Test #1: Ch. 19 Flashcards
Clonidine (p168)
centrally acting alpha2 agonist with three approved indications: hypertension, severe pain, and ADHD. Dosing is done orally or by transdermal patch
Two categories of indirect acting anti-adrenergic drugs (p168)
1) centrally acting alpha2 agonist–consist of drugs that act within the CNS to reduce the outflow of impulses along sympathetic neurons.
2) adrenergic neuron-blocking agents–consist of drugs that act within terminals of symptathetic neurons to decrease NE release.
Adverse effects of Clonidine (p169)
drowsiness, xerostomia (dry mouth), rebound hypertension, use in pregnancy, abuse, constipation, impotence, localized skin reactions.
Guanabenz and Guanfacine
very similar to clonidine, body drugs are indicated for hypertension. It reduces sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels. The result is reduction in cardiact output and bp.
Methyldopa and Methylodpate
oral antihypertensive agent that lowers bp by acting at sites within the CNS. 2 SE: hemolytic anemia and hepatic necrosis. Preferred drug in management of HTN during pregnancy.
Adverse effects of Methlydopa
positive coomb’s test and hemolytic anemia. blood counts should be performed before treatment and 6-12mo later. Hepatotoxicity as also been associated with this. All patient’s should undergo periodic assessment of liver function.
Reserpine (p170)
naturally occuring compound prepared from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina. The primary indication for reserpine is HTN. SE: severe depression. MOA: depletion of NE from postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Depletes serotonin and catecholamines from neurons in the CNS which can cause emotional depression.
2 therapeutic uses of Reserpine
hypertension & psychotic states such as schizophrenia.
The Coomb’s Test (p170)
detects the presence of anitbodies directed against the patient’s own red blood cells. These antibodies can cause hemolysis (ie, red blood cell lysis).
