Test #1: Ch. 13

Question 1

Divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central nervous system (CNS) & Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system has two major subdivisions

Answer 2

1) somatic motor system

2) autonomic nervous system

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into

Answer 3

1) parasympathetic nervous system

2) sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Which system controls voluntary movement of muscles?

Answer 4

somatic motor system

Question 5

Which system controls involuntary processes?

Answer 5

autonomic nervous system

Question 6

The autonomic nervous system has 3 principle functions

Answer 6

1) regulation of the heart
2) regulation of secretory glands
3) regulation of smooth muscles

Question 7

Functions of the parasympathic nervous system

Answer 7

1) slow heart rate
2) increase gastric secretion
3) emptying bladder
4) emptying bowel
5) focusing the eye for near vision
6) constricting the pupil
7) contracting bronchial smooth muscle

Question 8

Functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

1) regulating the cardiovascular system
2) regulating body temp
3) implementing the acute stress response–“fight or flight”

Question 9

Parasympathetic nerves ______ heart rate

Answer 9

slow

Question 10

Sympathetic nerves _______ heart rate

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

What is the feedback regulation?

Answer 11

a process that allows a system to adjust itself by responding to incoming information.

Question 12

What is a baroreceptor reflex?

Answer 12

the most important feedback loop of the autonomic nervous system is one that helps regulate blood pressure. This reflex is important to us because it frequently opposes our attempts to modify bp with drugs.

Question 13

What is autonomic tone?

Answer 13

steady, day to day influence exerted by the autonomic nervous system on a particular organ or organ system.

Question 14

What system provides the predominant tone for most organs?

Answer 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

What system provides the predominant tone for the vascular system?

Answer 15

sympathetic nervous system

Question 16

The anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system offers two general sites at which drugs act:

Answer 16

1) the snyapses between pre-gnaglionic neurons and post ganglionic neurons
2) the junctions between post-ganglionic neurons and their effector organs.

Question 17

The adrenal medulla influences the body by releasing _______ into the bloodstream.

Answer 17

epinephrine.

Question 18

The peripheral nervous system employs 3 neurotransmitters:

Answer 18

acetylcholine, NE, & Epi

Question 19

_______ is the major transmitter released by the adrenal medulla

Answer 19

epinephrine.

Question 20

_______ is the transmitter release by practically all postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 20

norepinephrine

Question 21

There are 2 basic categories of receptors associated with the peripheral nervous system:

Answer 21

1) cholinergic receptors

2) adrenergic receptors

Question 22

cholinergic receptors

Answer 22

receptors that mediate responses to acetylcholine

Question 23

adrenergic receptors

Answer 23

receptors that mediate responses to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Question 24

3 major subypes of cholinergic receptors

Answer 24

1) nicotinicN
2) nicotinicM
3) muscarinic

Question 25

4 major subtypes of adrenergic receptors

Answer 25

1) alpha1
2) alpha2
3) beta1
4) beta2

Question 26

KNOW TABLE 13-2 (p110)

Answer 26

Functions of Peripheral Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes

Question 27

KNOW TABLE 13-2 (p111)

Answer 27

Functions of Peripheral Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes

Question 28

activation of nicotinicN (neuronal)

Answer 28

these receptors promote ganglionic transmission and release of epi from the adrenal medulla

Question 29

activation of nicotinicM (muscle)

Answer 29

these receptors cause contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 30

activation of muscarinic

Answer 30

these receptors increase glandular secretions, contraction of smooth mm, slowing of HR, contraction of sphincter mm of iris, contraction of ciliary mm of eye, dilation of blood vessels, and voiding of urinary bladder

Question 31

where are alpha1 receptors located?

Answer 31

eyes, blood vessels, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, and bladder

Question 32

where are alpha2 receptors located?

Answer 32

nerve terminals and not on the organs innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 33

where are beta1 receptors located?

Answer 33

heart and kidney

Question 34

where are beta2 receptors located?

Answer 34

lungs, uterus, arterioles of heart, and skeletal muscles

Question 35

where are dopamine receptors located?

Answer 35

vasculature of the kidney

Question 36

epinephrine can activate ___________________

Answer 36

all alpha and beta receptors, but not dopamine receptors.

Question 37

norepinephrine can activate ___________________

Answer 37

alpha1, alpha2, beta1, but not beta2

Question 38

dopamine can activate _____________________

Answer 38

alpha1, beta1, dopamine

Question 39

activation of beta2 receptors will (4)

Answer 39

1) dilate blood vessels in the heart, lungs, and skeletal mm
2) dilate the bronchi thereby increasing oxygenation
3) increase glycogenolysis there by increasing available energy
4) relax uterine smooth mm

Question 40

the baroreceptor reflex helps regulate __________

Answer 40

blood pressure

Question 41

Pathways from the spinal cord to organs under sympathetic & parasympathetic control consist of two neurons:

Answer 41

1) preganglionic neuron

2) postganglionic neuron