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OB > Test 1 Blueprint (2) > Flashcards

Test 1 Blueprint (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What fetal/baby problems can smoking during pregnancy cause?

A

low birth weight
intrauterine growth restriction
SIDS

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2
Q

What maternal problems can smoking during pregnancy cause?

A

placenta previa
placental abruption
preterm rupture of membranes
ectopic pregnancy

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3
Q

What health issues can children develop later in life as a result of mothers smoking?

A

asthma
infantile colic
childhood obesity

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4
Q

What vitamin do women who smoke need more of?

A

vitamin C

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5
Q

Smoking may impair ____.

A

lactation

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6
Q

Alcohol is a known ____.

A

teratogen

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7
Q

What direct effects can alcohol have during the embryonic and fetal stages?

A 
altered brain morphology
neuronal development
hypoxia
fetal alcohol syndrome
alcohol related birth defects
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8
Q

What time frame is the most susceptible to alcohol?

A

first 6 weeks

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9
Q

What is the most preventable cause of cognitive disability?

A

alcohol related effects

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10
Q

How much alcohol is safe to drink during pregnancy?

A

NONE

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11
Q

Vasoconstrictor drugs constrict arteries and cause ___ ___ to the baby. What can this cause?

A

decreased perfusion

hypoxia

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12
Q

Besides antacids, what can someone do to reduce heartburn?

A

gum, mint, hard candy
sit up after eating
avoid fatty, fried foods and overeating

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13
Q

Which STI is the oldest with the 2nd highest occurance and highly communicable?

A

gonorrhea

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14
Q

What age group is most at risk for gonorrhea?

A

women age 15-24

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15
Q

What symptoms are seen with gonorrhea?

A
  • normally asymptomatic
  • purulent endocervical discharge
  • menstrual irregularities, abdominal pain, painful menses
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of gonorrhea?

A

1) cervical

2) ophthalmia neonatorum

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17
Q

Which type of gonorrhea involves premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal postpartum sepsis?

A

cervical gonorrhea

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18
Q

Which type of gonorrhea is the most common manifestation of neonatal gonococcal infection and could lead to blindness if untreated?

A

ophthalmia neonatorum

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19
Q

When can transmission of HIV occur from mom to baby?

A

perinatal period

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20
Q

What type of delivery is required to reduce the chance of HIV transmission from mom to baby?

A

C-section

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21
Q

What situations during L&D could lead to the fetus contracting HIV?

A

Anything that could break the skin of the fetus:

  • artificial rupture of membranes
  • fetal scalp electrode
  • scalp pH sampling
  • use of vaccum/forceps
22
Q

Can an HIV infected mom breastfeed baby?

A

Nope

23
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

kissing
biting
oral-genital sex

24
Q

What are the 3 stages of syphilis?

A

1) primary
2) secondary
3) latent

25
Q

Name the stage of syphilis: primary lesion, painless papule to an ulcer in 5 to 90 days

A

primary

26
Q

Name the stage of syphilis: widespread symmetric maculopapular rash on palms and soles, lymphadenopathy, fever, HA, malaise. Lasts 6 weeks to 6 months.

A

secondary

27
Q

Where might condylomata lata develop during a syphilis outbreak?

A

vulva, perineum, or anus

28
Q

Name the stage of syphilis: asymptomatic, can only be detected with serologic testing.

A

latent

29
Q

If latent syphilis infections are left untreated, ____ syphilis will develop.

A

tertiary

30
Q

What can occur with tertiary syphilis?

A

neurologic, CV, musculoskeletal, or multi-organ system failure

31
Q

What test is performed to detect syphilis?

A

RPR; rapid plasma reagent

32
Q

What is the most common STI?

A

chlamydia

33
Q

What does chlamydia lead to?

A
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

- cervical ulcerations

34
Q

Cervical ulcerations increase the risk of acquiring ___.

A

HIV

35
Q

Past chlamydial infections are associated with:

A

ectopic pregnancy

tubal factor infertility

36
Q

Why should doxycycline not be administered to a pregnant woman?

A

turns baby’s teeth yellow

37
Q

What type of exercises can a pregnant woman perform to avoid/treat leg cramps?

A

stand holding chair and dorsiflex foot or have another person do it

38
Q

What should we be concerned about with persistent or leg pain?

A

DVT

39
Q

Education for woman performing pregnancy test:

A

1) first void in a.m.
2) Meds can interfere with accuracy
3) HCG detected 4 days after implantation

40
Q

What meds can interfere with pregnancy test? How?

A
  • anticonvulsants & tranquilizers: false positives

- diuretics and promethazine - false negatives

41
Q

What are the 3 types of pregnancy signs?

A
  • presumptive - woman feels (not reliable)
  • probable - examiner observes (strong but inconclusive)
  • positive - from fetus (confirmation)
42
Q

Amenorrhea, fatigue, and breast changes are ____ signs.

A

Presumptive

43
Q

Hegar sign, ballottement, pregnancy test are ____ signs.

A

Probable

44
Q

Fetal heart tones, visualizing fetus, fetal movements are ____ signs.

A

Positive

45
Q

IUD not recommended for:

A
  • women who haven’t been pregnant (could tear cervix b/c so tight)
  • PID
  • If pregnancy occurs, risk of miscarriage and preterm labor
46
Q

Oral contraceptives not recommended if history of:

A
  • smoking (esp over 35)
  • thrombophlebitis
  • pulmonary embolism
  • CVA
  • CAD
  • breast cancer (estrogen feeds cancer)
  • impaired liver function
  • severe HTN
47
Q

Advanced age and smoking increase the risk of ___ with oral contraceptive use.

A

myocardial infarction

48
Q

Teaching for oral contraceptives:

A
  • yearly exams
  • missed one pill less than 12 hrs, take pill immediately then back on track
  • missed one pill more than 12 hrs or more than one pill, take pill immediately then back on track (back up method for 7 days)
49
Q

What effect does St. John’s Wart have on oral contraceptive effectiveness?

A

alters effectiveness

50
Q

What meds alter oral contraceptive effectiveness?

A
  • anticonvulsants
  • systemic antifungals
  • antituberculosis drugs
  • anti-HIV protease inhibitors

OB (12 decks)

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