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OB > Test 1 Blueprint (1) > Flashcards

Test 1 Blueprint (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Sperm development is stimulated by:

A

testosterone

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2
Q

Sperm best survive in an ____ environment.

A

alkaline

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3
Q

Seminal fluid is ____ to sperm to keep it viable.

A

neutrative

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4
Q

Seminal fluid is made up of secretions from the ____ ____ and the ____ ____.

A

seminal vesicles

prostate gland

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5
Q

Is the pH of the seminal fluid is alkaline or acidic? Why?

A

alkaline

Helps to neutralize the acidic female vagina to maintain sperm viability

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6
Q

How long do sperm survive?

A

48-72 hrs

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7
Q

How long do ova survive?

A

24 hrs

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8
Q

Development of the ova in the female is called:

A

oogenesis

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9
Q

Maturation and ovulation is ____.

A

cyclic

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10
Q

Female have a lifetime of oocytes by ___ weeks.

A

12

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11
Q

Lutenizing hormone is secreted from the ___ ___ gland and causes ___ to occur.

A

anterior pituitary

ovulation

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12
Q

Ovum is the period of development from ____ to day ____.

A

conception

day 14

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13
Q

The corpus luteum continues to secrete ____ and ____ until the ____ takes over at about ____ months gestation.

A

progesterone
estrogen
placenta
3 months

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14
Q

Where does conception usually occur?

A

In the outer 1/3 of the fallopian tubes

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15
Q

When does the zygote reach the uterus?

A

3 to 4 days

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16
Q

During pregnancy, progesterone has what effect on smooth muscle?

A

Relaxes

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17
Q

Progesterone is ____; it prevents spontaneous abortion by decreasing what?

A

pro-life

uterine contractility

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18
Q

Implantation occurs ____ days after conception.

A

6-10 days

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19
Q

Implantation occurs when estrogen and progesterone production by the ____ ____ is at its highest peak.

A

corpus luteum

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20
Q

Ovulation occurs ___ before the next menstrual period.

A

14 +/- 2 days

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21
Q

Premenopausal women start to have decreased bleeding and blood level because of what 2 hormones?

A

estrogen and progesterone

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22
Q

What structures of the blastocyst extend into the maternal blood supply in the process of implantation?

A

chorionic villi

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23
Q

Chorionic villi develop out of what?

A

the trophoblast

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24
Q

What does hyaluronidase help sperm do?

A

penetrate the corona radiata of the ovum

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25
Q

What part of the sperm releases hyaluronidase?

A

acrosomal cap

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26
Q

What is the corona radiata?

A

the outside membrane of the ova

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27
Q

The blastocyte implants in ____ days after conception.

A

6

28
Q

What is the spinnbarkeit sign?

A

the cervical mucus becomes thin and stretchy during ovulation

29
Q

What is isoimmunization?

A

The Rh- mother and Rh+ fetus’ blood mixes causing the mother’s blood to make antibodies.

30
Q

What product is administered to the mom to prevent isoimmunization?

A

RhoGam (Rh Immune Globulin)

31
Q

When is RhoGam given to the mom?

A

28 weeks gestation
Within 72 hrs after delivery
After invasive procedures (like amniocentesis)

32
Q

When does the heart start to beat?

A

beats by 3rd week

33
Q

Fetal heart can be seen by US by ___ weeks.

A

8

34
Q

Fetal heart beat heard by doppler by ___ weeks.

A

10-12

35
Q

What is a normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160

36
Q

Dominant or recessive? Characteristic will be expressed in the individual even if its partner gene is different.

A

Dominant

37
Q

Dominant or recessive? Characteristic will be expressed only if carried by both chromosomes of a pair.

A

Recessive

38
Q

What is X-linked dominant?

A

A defective dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome. Expressed in both male/female offspring who inherit the defective gene.

39
Q

What is autosomal recessive inheritance?

A

Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for a trait (disorder) to be expressed. Carriers of the trait are unaffected clinically, but may pass the trait to offspring.

40
Q

What are 3 examples of autosomal recessive interitance diseases?

A

Tay Sachs
Sickle Cell Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis

41
Q

What is X-linked recessive?

A

A defective gene is carried only on the X-chromosome, so females are predominantly carriers b/c they have a Y.

42
Q

What are 3 examples of X-linked recessive disorders?

A

color blindness
muscular dystrophy
hemophilia

43
Q

Genetics codes:
xx = ____
Xx= ____

A 
xx = has the disease
Xx = carrier
44
Q

What is glycosuria?

Why do we test for it?

A

Sugar in the urine

Sign of gestational diabetes

45
Q

Which 2 hormones DECREASE in the perimenopausal stage?

A

progesterone

estrogen

46
Q

Review the fetal circulation:

A 
Placenta
Umbilical vein
Fetal abdomen
(splits into 2 branches)
Branch 1: to liver
Branch 2: ductus vensosus
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Foramen ovale
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Systemic circuit
47
Q

What vessel does fetal blood mix with deoxygenated blood from the legs and abdomen?

A

ductus venosus

48
Q

What vessel does fetal blood mix with deoxygenated blood returning from fetal lungs?

A

ductus arteriosus

49
Q

What vessel shunts umbilical vein blood directly to vena cava allowing it to bypass the liver?

A

ductus venosus

50
Q

What is the fetal opening between the right and left atrium?

A

foramen ovale

51
Q

What vessel bypasses the lungs because they do not function for gas exchange?

A

ductus arteriosus

52
Q

How many arteries and veins in umbilical cord?

A

2 arteries

1 vein

53
Q

What does folic acid prevent?

A

neural tube defects

54
Q

How much folic acid should mom take in daily?

A

600 mcg

500 mcg when lactating

55
Q

What foods contain folate?

A 
Green leafy veggies
Grains
Oranges
Broccoli
Asparagus
Artichokes
Liver
56
Q

What does iron help prevent?

A

anemia

57
Q

What foods inhibit iron absorption?

A

bran, milk, egg yolks, coffee/tea, oxalate (spinach)

58
Q

What enhances iron absorption?

A

vitamin C

59
Q

Iron: with food or on an empty stomach?

A

empty stomach

60
Q

How much iron during pregnancy? When to start?

A

30 mg/day

start by 12 weeks

61
Q

What foods contain iron?

A 
Liver
meats
whole grain/enriched breads
dark leafy greens
legumes
dried fruits
62
Q

How much calcium during pregnancy?

A

600 mg

63
Q

What foods contain calcium?

A 
dairy
sardines/fish with bones
dark green leafy veggies
baked beans
tortillas
64
Q

How much protein during pregnancy?

A

46 g 1st trimester

71 g 2nd & 3rd

65
Q

What foods contain protein?

A

meats/eggs
dairy
legumes
nuts/grains

66
Q

What does extra sodium lead to?

A

edema

OB (12 decks)

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