Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP1 > test 1 "baseline info" > Flashcards

test 1 "baseline info" Flashcards

1
Q

rate pressure product (equation + what it measures)

A

RPP = HR x SBP
measures how hard the heart is working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when would you use RPP on a pt

A

when they have stable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 3 defining characteristics of stable angina

A
  1. no pain at rest
  2. lasts a few mins
  3. predictable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what medication is able to relieve stable angina

A

nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are 3 defining characteristics of unstable angina

A
  1. pain can occur at rest
  2. 15+ mins
  3. unpredictable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which type of angina signifies disease progression

A

unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 defining characteristics of prinzmetal’s (varient) angina

A
  1. exclusively at rest
  2. ST elevation
  3. Ca2+ channel blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 factors that increase PRELOAD

A

hypervolemia
regurgitation of valves
heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 factors that increase AFTERLOAD

A

hypertension
vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if O2 concentration in the body is low, how does the body respond (3 ways)

A
  1. increasing RBC production
  2. quicker breathing
  3. increasing CO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is the SNS involved in cardiac disease

A

increases HR + BP
overtime it may be overstimulated and begin to DECREASE HR due to down regulation of B1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Cor Pulmonale

A

increased pulmonary artery pressure forces the right side of the heart to work harder to pump more blood into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is intrapulmonary shunting

A

a condition where blood passes through the lungs without undergoing adequate gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the liver present in right sided HF

A

hematomegaly + central lobular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the liver present in left sided HF

A

hypoxemia + hypo-perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is having a blood transfusion hard on a cardiac patient

A

bc heart increases work
- more volume + preload on a weak heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

meaning of a right shift of blood-oxygen concentration

A

oxygen is LEAVING hemoglobin sooner than it normally would

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of right shifted blood-oxygen concentration? How about left shifted?

A

right:
- exercise, infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, pneumonia

left:
- hypothermia, hypothyroidism, sedation, carbon monoxide poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

would low hemoglobin show a right or left shifted blood-oxygen concentration?

A

LEFT because the hemoglobin they DO have are oversaturated with O2 (this does not mean the whole body concentration is high though)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

P wave with 2 bumps indicate…

A

SA node issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

P wave with an upside-down bump indicates…

A

AV node issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a flat line p wave indicates

A

AV junction issue
no atrial “kick”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

p wave with a bump up + bump down indicates

A

left atrium issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

narrow QRS indicates…

A

atrial issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
wide QRS indicates...
ventricle issues
26
what does the P wave measure
impulses from SA to AV node (atrial depolarization)
27
what does the PR segment measure
impulse traveling through His/Purkinje system otw to the ventricles
28
what does the PR interval measure
heart depolarization
29
what does the QRS complex measure
ventricular depolarization atrial repolarization
30
what does the ST segment measure
ventricular repolarization
31
what does the QT interval measure
time between ventricular depolarization + ventricular repolarization
32
ST elevation indicates...
"tomb stone appearance" usually medial emergency
33
ST depression indicates...
cardiac ischemia (is usually accompanied with angina and nausea)
34
digoxin dip
U like dip that is common when people are taking digoxin
35
what is the T wave measuring
ventricular repolarization (the refractory period)
36
is the QT interval long or short with a fast HR
SHORT
37
what is considered sustained VTAC
more than 3 PVCs in a row or lasting longer than 30 seconds
38
what is the normal rate of intrinsic AV junction
40-60
39
what form of vitals serves as an "angina threshold" measurement
rate pressure product
40
how do you find pulse pressure
SBP-DBP
41
what is a normal pulse pressure
40-60
42
what happens if pulse pressure is higher than 60? what about lower than 40?
60 = cardiac risk, heart is working harder than it should be 40 = arrhythmias + dilated cardiomyopathy
43
what lead is most commonly used
Limb Lead 2
44
4 ways to deal with hypotension
- Hydrate - LE exercises - Compression stockings to promote venous return - Be concerned about how hard to push pt
45
torsades de pointes
life-threatening heart rhythm disorder --> twisting + irregular HR *make sure leads have not fallen off*
46
what change on an ECG is common after an MI
Q wave changes!!
47
non Q wave infarct
when amount of tissue infracted is small or diffuse
48
second degree AV block (Type 2) implications on PT
patient must have a pacemaker --> QRS complex could drop + they could flatline
49
second degree AV block (Type 1) implications on PT
we dont worry about these patients much
50
third degree AV block implications on PT
must have a pacemaker
51
main difference between AFIB and AFLUTTER
afib = MULTIPLE cells depolarizing aflutter = one cell depolarizing
52
sick sinus node = a __(fast/slow)__ HR?
fast
53
heart block = a __(fast/slow)__ HR
slow
54
what type of cardiac myopathy is due to systolic dysfunction? How about diastolic?
systolic = dilated cardiomyopathy diastolic = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
55
what type of cardiac myopathy is characterized as "HF with preserved ejection fraction"
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
56
ventricular dilation affects which heart valves? How about atrial dilation?
ventricular = aortic/pulmonary atrial = mitral/tricuspid
57
heart valve stenosis vs regurgitation
stenosis = valve does not open all the way + blood can't get through regurgitation = valve does not close all the way + blood leaks backwards
58
what medical device is used on pulmonary hypertension patients to measure their BP
Swan Gaz Catheter
59
2 measurements to look at in pulmonary hypertension patients
1. mPAP 2. SaO2
60
what are abnormal measurements for mPAP
25+ at rest 30+ moving
61
cardiac tamponade + symptoms
occurs from pericardial effusion causes elevated pressure, decreased diastolic filling, + reduced stroke volume
62
ECG reading with a ventricular rate above 120 or below 45 bpm could indicate... (3)
ischemia hypotension sepsis
63
ECG reading with atrial fibrillation could indicate... (4)
valve disease alcoholism ischemia infection
64
ECG reading with a complete heart block could indicate...
any heart disease
65
ECG reading with ST segment elevation or depression could indicate... (2)
infarction ischemia
66
ECG reading with abnormal T wave inversion could indicate... (3)
infarction ischemia pulmonary embolism
67
ECG reading with a wide QRS width could indicate...
any heart disease
68
lead 1 measures...
current from right to left
69
lead 2 measures...
current from upper right to lower left
70
lead 3 measures...
current from upper left to lower right
71
V1/2 measure...
the right side of the heart
72
V3/4 measure...
anterior left/right side of heart
73
V5/6 measure...
lateral left side of heart
74
-lol
beta blockers
75
-ipine
calcium channel blockers
76
-ase
thrombolytic agents
77
what medication category are heparin and eliquis part of
anticoagulants
78
-ide
diuretics
79
-ril
ACE inhibitors
80
-sartan
ARBs
81
what medication category does digoxin fall under
cardiac glycosides
82
what medications are considered opposites of beta blockers
sympathomimetics
83
are sympathomimetics found more in inpatient or outpatient settings?
inpatient
84
what class of anti-arrhythmic medications could cause pulmonary fibrosis
Class 3: K+ channel blocker
85
what class of anti-arrhythmic medications are prescribed after an MI
Class 2: beta blockers
86
name class 1, 2, 3, and 4 anti-arrhythmics
1 = Na+ channel blocker 2 = beta blocker 3 = K+ channel blocker 4 = Ca+ channel blocker
87
main job of a class 1 anti-arrhythmic
slows depolarization down + prolongs the refractory period by reducing Na+ into cell
88
main job of a class 2 anti-arrhythmic
blocks beta receptors and SNS stimulation to control heart rate
89
main job of a class 3 anti-arrhythmic
prolonging the refractory period to block action potentials from being made
90
main job of a class 4 anti-arrhythmic
decrease pacemaker activity of depolarized cells + prolongs refractory period
91
4 drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS)
ACE inhibitors ARBs ARNIs aldosterone antagonists
92
angioedema
swelling of the tongue while taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs MEDICAL EMERGENCY
93
what does angiotensin II do
systemic vasoconstriction water/Na+ retention aldosterone stimulation
94
ACE inhibitor vs ARBs
ACE inhibitor prevents enzymatic conversion of angiotensin I --> angiotensin II ARBs limit effect of angiotensin II
95
what are the 2 main concerns/side effects of taking drugs that affect the RAAS
reflexive tachycardia orthostatic hypotension
96
3 main PT implications of diuretics
orthostatic hypotension hypokalemia hypoglycemia
97
morphine is an example of what drug classification
vasodilators
98
biggest PT implication to watch for when a pt is on vasodilators
compensatory sympathetic activation: - reflexive tachycardia - reflexive vasoconstriction - increased aldosterone
99
what does aldosterone do in the body
regulates fluid/electrolyte balance
100
what drug can counteract vasodilator side effects
beta blockers
101
what is the main concern for a PT when a pt is on anticoagulants
high risk bleeding ^ must check platelets for thrombocytopenia
102
what protein could be elevated in a pt taking anti-platelet agents
prothrombin
103
aspirin is an example of what type of medication category
anti-platelet agent
104
acute ischemic stroke door to needle time
60 mins
105
total ischemic stroke goal time
120 mins

CP1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions