Test 1 - Antibacterial Treatments of Ocular Disease Flashcards
Which drug is an antiboitic and bacteriostatic? Antibiotic and bacteriocidal? Which two are bacteriostatic? Which two are bacteriocidal?
A) Penicillin
B) Tetracycline
C) Sulfonamides
D) Aminoglycosides
Antibiotic and bacteriostatic: tetracycline
Antibiotic and bactericidal: penicillin
Bacteriostatic: tetracycline and sulfonamide
Bactericidial: Penicillin and aminoglycosides
Which two drugs are narrow specturm gram (+)? narrow spectrum gram (-)? broad spectrum?
A) Aminoglycosides B) Bacitracin C) Fluoroquinolones D) Penicillin E) Polymycin B F) Tetracycline
- Narrow spectrum gram (+): penicillin, bacitracin
- Narrow spectrum gram (-): aminoglycosides and polymyxin B
- Broad spectrum: Tetracycline and fluoroquinolones
Which is NOT a general problem with antibacterials?
A) Microorganism develops resistance through natural defense mechanisms
B) Patient has allergic hypersensitivity to on antibacterial required a more toxic antibacterial
C) Destruction of normal flora leading to diarrhea and GI problems
D) phophylactic use of antibacterials
D) phophylactic use of antibacterials
- prophylatic use of AB may increase risk of infection but is not a general problem.
What are four ways bacterias can become resistant to AB?
Hint: penecillin, tetracyclines, sulfonamides
1) produce enzymes that can destroy antibiotic (i.e. penicillinase)
2) Change cell membrane permeability for AB (i.e. block penetration of tetracycline or induce transport protein to cause rapid efflux)
- Alter metabolic pathway to avoid block by antibacterial agent (i.e. bacterial resistant to sulfonamides avoid blockage of folic acid synthesis)
- Decrease affinity of the drug from benicillin binding protein
What is FALSE about factors that encourage resistance?
A) Delay in optimal therapy B) Administration of sub-optimal doses C) Selection of inappropriate AB D) Defective immune system E) Excessive use of appropriate AB
E) Excessive use of appropriate AB
all others are TRUE
Which drug MOA does NOT inhibit cell wall synthesis?
A) Penicillin
B) Erythromycin
C) Cephalosprins
D) Bacitracin
B) Erythromycin
Which drug MOA does NOT alters cell membrane permeability by direct action on a cell leading to leakage of intracellular contents out of cell?
A) Polymyxin B
B) Amphotericin B
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Natamycin
C) Aminoglycosides
Which drug MOA is NOT a “reversible” inhibition of protein synthesis?
A) Chloramphenicol
B) Bacitracin
C) Erythromycin
D) Tetracycline
B) Bacitracin
Which drug MOA binds to 30s ribosomal units causing a misread of proteins?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Sulfonamides
C) Fluorquinolones
D) Cephalosporins
A) Aminoglycosides
Which drug MOA acts as an antimetabolites to block metabolic steps?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Sulfonamides
C) Fluorquinolones
D) Cephalosporins
B) Sulfonamides
Which drug MOA acts to block DNA gyrase and other topoisomerases?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Sulfonamides
C) Fluorquinolones
D) Cephalosporins
C) Fluorquinolones
What factors is NOT make an ideal topical antibacterial agent?
A) Good selectivity
B) Good antibacterial efficacy (bactericidal)
C) Minimal resistance development
D) Limited distribution and low dose to limit systemic toxicity
E) Compatable with other AB
E) Compatable with other AB
- ideal antibacterial agents but not a factor for topical AB
Match specific toxicities to certain drugs:
A) Penicillin B) Chloramphenicol C) Streptomycin D) Tetracycline E) Antifungals
(Ototoxicity, Allergy, Nephrotoxicity, Tooth discoloration and bone abnormalities, Aplastic anemia)
A) Penicillin - allergy B) Chloramphenicol - Aplastic anemia C) Streptomycin - ototoxicity (hearing) D) Tetracycline - Discoloration and bone abnormalities E) Antifungals - Nephrotoxicity
What is NOT a factor to be considered when selecting a specific antibacterial agent?
A) Sensitivity of patient B) Sensitivity of bacteria C) Seriousness of the infection D) General health of the patient E) Cost
E) Cost
